新型聚合物太阳能电池给体材料的制备与光电性能研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 01:16

【摘要】：本体异质结聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs)的光敏活性层由共轭聚合物给体材料与富勒烯衍生物受体材料共混而成。其中,共轭聚合物材料的光吸收特性、电子特性、载流子迁移性能以及与富勒烯衍生物受体材料的兼容性是影响器件光电效率的核心因素。作为本体异质结聚合物太阳能电池的重要功能层材料,共轭聚合物的性能优化是提高器件效率的重要途径。因此,基于聚合物分子结构优化与设计为出发点,本论文以聚合物材料结构与性能的内在联系为主要内容,开展如下工作：1.基于苯并二噻吩(BDT)给体单元与菲并喹喔啉(PQX)受体单元,通过分子骨架平面优化与共轭体系调控,制备了一系列新型给体-受体型聚合物材料PBDTPQX1、 PBDTPQX2、PBDTPQX3与PBDTPQX4。归因于二维方向上共轭体系的拓宽及骨架平面性的优化,聚合物PBDTPQX4能量转化效率最优,短路电流为11.6 mA/cm2,光电效率达4.32%。同时,单空穴器件测试表明,聚合物材料PBDTPQX4的空穴载流子迁移率也要远远高于PBDTPQX2与PBDTPQX3。2.首先制备了烷基末端含有萘基团的双噻吩二酮吡咯并吡咯(NAPDPP)。基于二环戊二烯苯并二噻吩(IDT)给体单元,通过改变聚合反应中DPP单体与含萘基侧链NAPDPP单体的比例,制备了四个新型给体-受体型交替共聚物PIDTDPP1、PIDTDPP2、 PIDTDPP3与PIDTDPP4。以调节聚合物给体材料与富勒烯衍生物的相容性,从而实现从分子结构上对混合膜形貌的可控调节。侧链末端萘基团的引入,显著改善本体异质结混合膜形貌,器件性能得到提高。然而,随着萘组分的不断增加,聚合物链间π-π相互作用呈现减弱趋势。基于萘基侧链NAPDPP单体比例为50%时的聚合物PIDTDPP3,呈现出最优的器件性能,PCE达4.01%。3.基于苯并二噻吩单元(BDT)给体单元,通过对2,3-二苯基喹喔啉(DQX)受体单元分子优化设计,成功制备出以萘并喹喔啉(NQX)为受体单元的聚合物PBDTNQX。由于共轭体系的拓宽及骨架平面性的优化,使得含有噻吩链接单元的PBDTDTNQX的HOMO能级增加,并具有较宽的光谱响应。然而此类聚合物给体材料表现出较差的光伏特性,限制其光电性能的主要因素可能是聚合物材料不佳的纯度、较差的溶解性与较低的分子量。
[Abstract]:The Guang Min active layer of bulk heterogeneous polymer solar cell (PSCs) is composed of conjugated polymer donor material and fullerene derivative receptor material. Among them, the optical absorption properties, electronic properties, carrier migration properties and compatibility with fullerene derivative receptor materials of conjugated polymer materials are the core factors affecting the photoelectric efficiency of devices. As an important functional layer material of bulk Heterojunction polymer solar cells, the performance optimization of conjugated polymers is an important way to improve the efficiency of devices. Therefore, based on the optimization and design of polymer molecular structure, this paper takes the internal relationship between the structure and properties of polymer materials as the main content, and carries out the following work: 1. Based on benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit and phenanthrene quinoxalin (PQX) receptor unit, a series of novel donor-recipient polymer materials PBDTPQX1, PBDTPQX2,PBDTPQX3 and PBDTPQX4. were prepared by molecular skeleton plane optimization and conjugated system regulation. Due to the broadening of the conjugated system in two-dimensional direction and the optimization of skeleton flatness, the energy conversion efficiency of polymer PBDTPQX4 is the best, and the short-circuit current is 11.6 mA/cm2,. The photoelectric efficiency is 4.32%. At the same time, the single hole device test shows that the hole carrier mobility of polymer material PBDTPQX4 is also much higher than that of PBDTPQX2 and PBDTPQX3.2.. Firstly, the dithiophene diketopyrrole (NAPDPP). Containing naphthalene group at the end of alkyl group was prepared. Based on the (IDT) donor unit of dicyclopentadiene benzodithiophene, four novel donor-recipient alternating polymers PIDTDPP1,PIDTDPP2, PIDTDPP3 and PIDTDPP4. were prepared by changing the ratio of DPP monomer to NAPDPP monomer containing Naphthalene side chain in polymerization. In order to adjust the compatibility of polymer donors with fullerene derivatives, the morphology of mixed films can be controlled from the molecular structure. The introduction of naphthalene group at the end of the side chain can significantly improve the morphology of the bulk Heterojunction mixed film and improve the performance of the device. However, with the increase of naphthalene composition, the 蟺-蟺 interaction between polymer chains tends to weaken. Based on the polymer PIDTDPP3, with 50% NAPDPP monomer ratio, the polymer PIDTDPP3, showed the best device performance, and the PCE reached 4.01%. 3. Based on the (BDT) donor unit of benzodithiophene unit, the polymer PBDTNQX. with Naphthalene quinoxaline (NQX) as receptor unit was successfully prepared by optimizing the molecular design of 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline (DQX) receptor unit. Due to the widening of the conjugated system and the optimization of the skeleton planarity, the HOMO energy level of PBDTDTNQX with thiophene linked unit increases and has a wide spectral response. However, this kind of polymer donor materials show poor photovoltaic properties, and the main factors limiting their photoelectric properties may be the poor purity, poor solubility and low molecular weight of polymer materials.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O631;TM914.4

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