可控硅数字触发控制器的设计与实现
发布时间：2019-06-29 16:45
【摘要】：可控硅是可控整流电路中一类常用的、具有开关功能的半导体器件,广泛应用于大容量的可控整流系统。可控硅触发控制器产生控制可控硅导通的触发脉冲,是可控硅整流系统的控制中枢,其控制的性能直接关系到可控整流系统的性能。目前,比较常用的是模拟触发控制器,但由于其存在抗干扰能力弱、控制精度不高、触发脉冲对称性差、控制功能单一等方面的不足,已经不能满足整流系统日益变化与不断完善的应用需求。数字集成电路的发展使得数字控制技术在可控硅触发控制器中得到广泛应用,在一定程度上克服了模拟触发控制器的不足。随着可控整流系统对可控硅触发控制器的要求不断提高,高性能的触发控制器的研制势在必行。所谓的高性能主要体现在三个方面:一是支持远程监控,具有多设备组网支持;二是控制器响应速度快;三是智能化,能够自动适应各种工作环境。本课题在研究以可控硅为开关器件的三相全控桥式整流电路的基础上,给出了一种高性能数字式可控硅控制器的设计方案,完成了原型控制系统的设计。论文首先详细介绍了可控硅器件的原理、特性以及导通条件等相关理论基础,阐述了其在全控整流电路中的具体应用。针对以可控硅为核心控制器件的三相全控桥式整流电路,具体分析了电路的结构、工作特性、触发方式等,并对应用需求进行了详细的分析。结合详细的系统应用需求,给出了一种以FPGA作为核心控制单元的数字式移相触发控制器设计方案,完成了反馈采样电路、脉冲驱动电路、人机交互接口电路、鉴相电路等主要模块的硬件电路设计。本文实现的数字控制器具有硬件电路简单、操作方便、能够独立运行等特点。同时,为提高控制器的可扩展性,方便主控系统实现组网控制与监测,给出了以ARM处理芯片构建通信模块的设计方案。通信模块主要负责向上层主控系统提供各种常用的网络通信接口。其次,在完成了控制器硬件电路的基础上,详细介绍了FPGA内部控制逻辑的设计与实现方法。主要介绍的模块包括:主控模块、UART通信模块、鉴相脉冲处理模块、脉冲生成模块、人机界面控制模块、EPROM读写控制模块、反馈数据读取模块。针对每个模块的功能、设计思想以及实现方法进行了详细的描述。最后,研究并实现了自动控制过程中常用的PID控制算法。在简单介绍了模拟PID控制器与数字PID控制器的基本原理以及两者的差异后,将PID控制算法与神经元学习相结合,给出了一种单神经元自适应PID控制算法。该PID控制算法能够实时自整定PID控制参数,具有控制超调量小、精度高、调节速度快等优点。结合单神经元自适应PID控制算法的计算过程,详细介绍了算法在FPGA内部控制逻辑的实现方法。
[Abstract]:Thyristor is a kind of semiconductor device with switching function, which is commonly used in controllable rectifier circuit. It is widely used in large capacity controllable rectifier system. The thyristor trigger controller produces the trigger pulse to control the thyristor conduction, which is the control center of the thyristor rectifier system. The control performance of the thyristor trigger controller is directly related to the performance of the controllable rectifier system. At present, analog trigger controller is more commonly used, but because of its weak anti-interference ability, low control accuracy, poor trigger pulse symmetry, single control function and so on, it can not meet the changing and improving application requirements of rectifier system. With the development of digital integrated circuit, digital control technology has been widely used in thyristor trigger controller, which has overcome the shortcomings of analog trigger controller to a certain extent. With the increasing requirements of thyristor trigger controller in controllable rectifier system, the development of high performance trigger controller is imperative. The so-called high performance is mainly reflected in three aspects: one is to support remote monitoring, with multi-device networking support; the other is the fast response speed of the controller; and the third is intelligent, which can automatically adapt to various working environments. On the basis of studying the three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit with thyristor as switching device, this paper presents a design scheme of high performance digital thyristor controller, and completes the design of prototype control system. Firstly, the principle, characteristics and conduction conditions of thyristor devices are introduced in detail, and its application in fully controlled rectifier circuits is described. Aiming at the three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit with thyristor as the core control device, the structure, working characteristics and trigger mode of the circuit are analyzed in detail, and the application requirements are analyzed in detail. According to the detailed application requirements of the system, a design scheme of digital phase-shifting trigger controller with FPGA as the core control unit is presented, and the hardware circuit design of the main modules, such as feedback sampling circuit, pulse drive circuit, human-computer interaction interface circuit, phase discrimination circuit and so on, is completed. The digital controller implemented in this paper has the characteristics of simple hardware circuit, convenient operation and independent operation. At the same time, in order to improve the expansibility of the controller and facilitate the main control system to realize the network control and monitoring, the design scheme of constructing the communication module with ARM processing chip is given. The communication module is mainly responsible for providing a variety of common network communication interfaces to the upper main control system. Secondly, on the basis of completing the hardware circuit of the controller, the design and implementation of FPGA internal control logic are introduced in detail. The main modules include: main control module, UART communication module, phase discrimination pulse processing module, pulse generation module, man-machine interface control module, EPROM reading and writing control module, feedback data reading module. The function, design idea and implementation method of each module are described in detail. Finally, the PID control algorithm commonly used in the automatic control process is studied and implemented. After briefly introducing the basic principle of analog PID controller and digital PID controller and the difference between them, a single neuron adaptive PID control algorithm is proposed by combining PID control algorithm with neuron learning. The PID control algorithm can self-adjust the PID control parameters in real time, and has the advantages of small overshoot, high precision and fast adjustment speed. Combined with the calculation process of single neuron adaptive PID control algorithm, the implementation method of the algorithm in FPGA internal control logic is introduced in detail.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM571
本文编号：2507962
[Abstract]:Thyristor is a kind of semiconductor device with switching function, which is commonly used in controllable rectifier circuit. It is widely used in large capacity controllable rectifier system. The thyristor trigger controller produces the trigger pulse to control the thyristor conduction, which is the control center of the thyristor rectifier system. The control performance of the thyristor trigger controller is directly related to the performance of the controllable rectifier system. At present, analog trigger controller is more commonly used, but because of its weak anti-interference ability, low control accuracy, poor trigger pulse symmetry, single control function and so on, it can not meet the changing and improving application requirements of rectifier system. With the development of digital integrated circuit, digital control technology has been widely used in thyristor trigger controller, which has overcome the shortcomings of analog trigger controller to a certain extent. With the increasing requirements of thyristor trigger controller in controllable rectifier system, the development of high performance trigger controller is imperative. The so-called high performance is mainly reflected in three aspects: one is to support remote monitoring, with multi-device networking support; the other is the fast response speed of the controller; and the third is intelligent, which can automatically adapt to various working environments. On the basis of studying the three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit with thyristor as switching device, this paper presents a design scheme of high performance digital thyristor controller, and completes the design of prototype control system. Firstly, the principle, characteristics and conduction conditions of thyristor devices are introduced in detail, and its application in fully controlled rectifier circuits is described. Aiming at the three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier circuit with thyristor as the core control device, the structure, working characteristics and trigger mode of the circuit are analyzed in detail, and the application requirements are analyzed in detail. According to the detailed application requirements of the system, a design scheme of digital phase-shifting trigger controller with FPGA as the core control unit is presented, and the hardware circuit design of the main modules, such as feedback sampling circuit, pulse drive circuit, human-computer interaction interface circuit, phase discrimination circuit and so on, is completed. The digital controller implemented in this paper has the characteristics of simple hardware circuit, convenient operation and independent operation. At the same time, in order to improve the expansibility of the controller and facilitate the main control system to realize the network control and monitoring, the design scheme of constructing the communication module with ARM processing chip is given. The communication module is mainly responsible for providing a variety of common network communication interfaces to the upper main control system. Secondly, on the basis of completing the hardware circuit of the controller, the design and implementation of FPGA internal control logic are introduced in detail. The main modules include: main control module, UART communication module, phase discrimination pulse processing module, pulse generation module, man-machine interface control module, EPROM reading and writing control module, feedback data reading module. The function, design idea and implementation method of each module are described in detail. Finally, the PID control algorithm commonly used in the automatic control process is studied and implemented. After briefly introducing the basic principle of analog PID controller and digital PID controller and the difference between them, a single neuron adaptive PID control algorithm is proposed by combining PID control algorithm with neuron learning. The PID control algorithm can self-adjust the PID control parameters in real time, and has the advantages of small overshoot, high precision and fast adjustment speed. Combined with the calculation process of single neuron adaptive PID control algorithm, the implementation method of the algorithm in FPGA internal control logic is introduced in detail.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM571
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 林燕;;晶闸管软起动的原理及应用[J];电器工业;2010年08期
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