基于实时电价的智能电网用电优化调度

发布时间：2019-07-04 13:56

【摘要】：由于资源的有限性以及人类对环境保护意识的增强，用户对电能可靠性和质量的要求也在不断提高，对当前电力系统提出了严峻的挑战，建设智能电网成为全世界各个国家电力行业的发展趋势。通过改变用户对电能的使用方式，以节约能源损耗，降低能源需求的增长速度，需求响应正是在这一认识下快速发展起来的。需求响应，是电力用户的一种市场参与行为，用户针对市场激励机制或价格信号进行响应，对其原有的用电模式进行改变。用户根据电力市场的激励作用对其用电需求进行调整，实现节能减排，，优化资源配置，从而对市场的稳定性以及电网的可靠性起到良好的促进作用，对电力市场的发展和完善有着重要意义。首先，针对供电商的供电量不能满足所有用户最小用电需求这一问题提出了基于接纳控制的智能电网需求响应方案。通过设计分布式用电量调度与实时定价算法得到用户的最优用电量和电价，进而通过设计两类接纳控制算法，满足了购电用户的最小用电量需求。仿真结果表明，该方案有效地实现了电网的供需平衡，提高了用户对电能的利用效率，同时保证了用户的用电质量。其次，考虑了智能电网中多个供电商为多个用户服务场景下的需求响应问题，提出一种基于实时定价的用电调度方案，包括用户的电能分配，供电商的选择和实时电价三方面内容。首先，该用电调度方案是一个组合优化问题，通过设计分布式算法，使用户和供电商联合计算出用户的最优用电量分配，供电商选择以及电价。提出的算法公平并且有效的实现了电力系统中所有用户的总收益最大化。仿真结果证实，提出的分布式算法使用户对供电商提供的电能有较高的利用率，同时最大化所有用户的总用电收益，实现了电网的供需平衡。最后，进一步考虑了智能电网中家庭用户的用电调度问题。用户有两类可被调度的用电器，在电价已知的情况下，提出了一种最优的家庭用电调度方案对两类可调度用电器进行调度，实现用户用电花费和不满意度之间的权衡。将上述用电调度问题建模为同时含有连续变量与离散变量的非凸优化问题，通过求解该问题获得最优的调度策略。仿真结果表明，该方案有效地减少了用户用电花费和不满意度之间的权衡，同时减少了一天中用电峰值和平均值的比值。
[Abstract]:Due to the limitation of resources and the enhancement of human awareness of environmental protection, users' requirements for power reliability and quality are also improving, which poses a severe challenge to the current power system. The construction of smart grid has become the development trend of power industry in various countries all over the world. By changing the way users use electric energy in order to save energy consumption and reduce the growth rate of energy demand, demand response is developed rapidly under this understanding. Demand response is a kind of market participation behavior of power users. Users respond to market incentive mechanism or price signal and change their original power consumption mode. According to the incentive function of the power market, users adjust their electricity demand, realize energy saving and emission reduction, and optimize the allocation of resources, which plays a good role in promoting the stability of the market and the reliability of the power grid, and is of great significance to the development and improvement of the power market. Firstly, a smart grid demand response scheme based on admission control is proposed to solve the problem that the power supply of power suppliers can not meet the minimum demand of all users. The optimal power consumption and electricity price of users are obtained by designing distributed power consumption scheduling and real-time pricing algorithms, and then the minimum electricity consumption requirements of power buyers are met by designing two kinds of admission control algorithms. The simulation results show that the scheme effectively realizes the balance between supply and demand of power grid, improves the efficiency of power utilization by users, and ensures the quality of electricity consumption of users at the same time. Secondly, considering the demand response of multiple power suppliers serving multiple users in smart grid, a power dispatching scheme based on real-time pricing is proposed, which includes three aspects: the power distribution of users, the selection of power suppliers and the real-time electricity price. First of all, the power dispatching scheme is a combinatorial optimization problem. Through the design of distributed algorithm, the optimal power consumption distribution, supplier selection and electricity price of the user can be calculated jointly by the user and the power supplier. The proposed algorithm is fair and effective to maximize the total income of all users in the power system. The simulation results show that the proposed distributed algorithm has a high utilization rate of the electric energy provided by the power supply provider, and maximizes the total electricity consumption income of all users, and realizes the balance between supply and demand of the power grid. Finally, the problem of power dispatching for home users in smart grid is further considered. Users have two kinds of electrical appliances that can be dispatched. under the condition that the electricity price is known, an optimal home power dispatching scheme is proposed to schedule the two kinds of schedulable electrical appliances to realize the tradeoff between user consumption cost and dissatisfaction. The above power scheduling problem is modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem with both continuous and discrete variables, and the optimal scheduling strategy is obtained by solving the problem. The simulation results show that the scheme effectively reduces the trade-off between user power consumption and dissatisfaction, and reduces the ratio of peak to average electricity consumption in a day.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73

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