可入网电动汽车在电力系统中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 15:57

【摘要】：可插入式(Plug-in Electric Vehicle, PEV)电动汽车的广泛应用将会引发现代交通业的革命性变革,对电力系统带来深远影响,如何发展和建设智能电网以容纳并有效控制这种新型负荷使得电力系统能够安全稳定运行是个重要课题。同时,可入网电动汽车(Vehicle to Grid, V2G)可以存储电能以有效缓解可再生能源发电如风电,太阳能发电的间歇性和不确定性,提供电力系统调频和旋转备用等辅助服务。本文在已有研究成果的基础上,就其中几个方面进行了研究,包括：电动汽车的智能网络控制系统设计、计及电动汽车接入的机组组合问题、以及电动汽车应用于电力辅助服务市场的经济性分析。论文主要包括以下内容： 1)对国内外就电动汽车接入电网后带来的问题和机遇的研究现状进行了综述。包括电动汽车接入对输配电网的影响,电动汽车的负荷特性,电动汽车储能及其与新能源的结合等。 2)综述了电动汽车国内外发展概况和趋势以及产业链各环节和运营模式的探讨,突出介绍了我国电动汽车产业链,从汽车制造商,电池供应商、充电站建设到国家政策上的扶持。指出了电动汽车几种充电模式：更换电池、快充、慢充的区别和利弊。并提出了含V2G技术的可插入式电动汽车和可插入式混合电动汽车的应用前景和产品原型。在此基础上,简述了电动汽车代理的功能和作用以及这方面的相关研究,并对整个电动汽车产业链的商业模式进行了初步探讨并指出电动汽车发展所面临的挑战与机遇。 3)构建了电动汽车智能网络控制系统的总体架构和各分层的结构及其主要功能和需考虑因素,各分层包括：用户终端层、充放电接入层、业务应用层和运营管理层。提出了以合理安排电动汽车充放电使其为电力系统提供辅助服务所带来的经济效益最大化为目标函数的充放电决策模型和决策机制框架。考虑电动汽车的移动性,本文设计了类似移动通信系统的漫游架构和管理系统；并就如何有效控制注册在网的电动汽车的充放电行为设计了从用户认证、位置更新到充放电决策系统到指令充放电行为的一整套通信机制。 4)研究了计及电动汽车的机组组合问题。可入网电动汽车广泛接入电力系统后,其相应的充放电行为会对系统规划、运行和市场运营带来一些新问题甚至挑战。本文就PEV广泛接入电力系统后的机组最优组合问题进行了研究;以发电机组的运行成本和二氧化碳排放量的加权和最小化为目标函数,把每时段内充放电的PEV数量作为可优化调度变量,采用分段线性化方法把机组最优组合问题转化为混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。分别以10机系统和100机大系统在24小时内的机组最优组合为例来说明所发展的数学模型和方法的可行性与有效性,并分析不同PEV充电模式,即完全优化充电模式、无控充电模式、延迟充电模式和持续充电模式对机组最优组合优化结果的影响。 5)研究了电动汽车应用于电力辅助服务市场的经济性分析。合理控制／调度电动汽车充放电,可以为电力系统提供辅助服务,改善系统运行的安全性和经济性。基于美国新泽西地区的汽车日常交通行为数据,本文建立了分析电动汽车提供调频和旋转备用的经济效益的数学模型,并就如何控制充放电以使电动汽车代理的总收益最大化作了分析。电动汽车的调频和旋转备用总收益包括备用容量收益、电能收益和环境保护补偿收益;其成本则包括电池充电成本和电池损耗。以纽约独立系统调度机构所管理的辅助服务市场模式为例进行了计算分析,仿真结果表明在电力市场环境下电动汽车通过代理机构提供调频和旋转备用服务在经济上是可行的。论文最后总结了全文的研究成果,并指出了进一步研究的方向。
文内图片：

图片说明：我国电动汽车发展路径[29]
[Abstract]:The wide application of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) electric vehicles will lead to the revolutionary change of the modern transportation industry and have a profound influence on the power system. How to develop and build an intelligent power grid to accommodate and effectively control such a new type of load is an important subject for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Meanwhile, the vehicle to Grid (V2G) can store electric energy to effectively mitigate the intermittent and uncertain of the renewable energy power generation, such as wind power and solar power generation, and provides auxiliary services such as power system frequency modulation and rotation standby. On the basis of the existing research results, this paper studies several aspects, including the design of the intelligent network control system of the electric vehicle, the combination of the unit taking into account the access of the electric vehicle, and the economic analysis of the electric vehicle applied to the electric power auxiliary service market. The thesis mainly includes the following contents: 1) The present situation of the research on the problems and opportunities brought about by the electric vehicle access to the power grid at home and abroad is analyzed. The method comprises the following steps: the influence of the access of the electric automobile on the transmission and distribution network, the load characteristic of the electric automobile, the energy storage of the electric automobile and the combination with the new energy 2) The general situation and trend of the electric vehicle at home and abroad, as well as the discussion of the links and operation modes of the industrial chain are summarized, and the industrial chain of the electric automobile in China is highlighted, and the construction of the electric automobile industry chain from the automobile manufacturer, the battery supplier and the charging station to the national policy is highlighted. The support of the electric vehicle is as follows: the difference between the replacement of the battery, the fast charging and the slow charging And the application prospect and yield of the plug-in electric automobile and the plug-in hybrid electric automobile with the V2G technology are provided. On the basis of this, the function and function of the electric vehicle's agent and the relevant research in this field are described, and the business model of the whole electric automobile industry chain is primarily discussed and the challenge of the development of the electric vehicle is pointed out and 3) constructing the overall architecture of the intelligent network control system of the electric automobile and the structure of each layer and the main functions and the factors to be considered, wherein each layer comprises a user terminal layer, a charge-discharge access layer, a service application layer and a service application layer; The charge and discharge decision-making model and decision of the objective function are put forward to maximize the economic benefit brought by the charge and discharge of the electric vehicle to the power system. In view of the mobility of electric vehicles, this paper designs the roaming framework and management system of the mobile communication system, and designs the charging and discharging behavior of the electric vehicles registered in the network effectively. from the user authentication, the location update to the charge/ discharge decision system to the charge and discharge behavior, A set of communication mechanism (4) has been studied to take into account the electric vehicle The corresponding charging and discharging behavior of the power system can bring some problems to the planning, operation and operation of the system. In this paper, the optimal combination of the power system after the wide access of the PEV to the power system is studied, the operation cost of the generator set and the weighted sum of the carbon dioxide emissions are minimized as the objective function, and the number of PEV charged and discharged in each time period is used as the target function. the scheduling variable can be optimized, the optimal combination problem of the unit is converted into a mixed integer linear rule by adopting a section linearization method, The problem is solved. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed mathematical model and method are illustrated by the optimal combination of the 10-machine system and the 100-machine large-scale system in 24 hours, and the charging mode of different PEV is analyzed, that is, the charging mode is fully optimized. , no charge mode, delayed charging mode and continuous charging mode to the optimal combination of the unit The effect of the optimization results is discussed.5) The application of the electric vehicle to the power auxiliary suit is studied. Economic analysis of the traffic market. The charge and discharge of the electric vehicle can be reasonably controlled/ controlled, and the auxiliary service can be provided for the power system and the system can be improved Based on the data of the daily traffic behavior of the automobile in New Jersey, this paper establishes a mathematical model for analyzing the economic benefit of the electric vehicle for frequency modulation and rotation, and how to control the charge and discharge to make the total of the electric vehicle's agent The revenue maximization is analyzed. The general revenue of frequency modulation and rotation of the electric vehicle includes the back-up capacity benefit, the electric energy income and the environmental protection compensation benefit; the cost includes the battery The charging cost and the battery loss are calculated and analyzed by taking the model of the auxiliary service market managed by the independent system dispatching organization in New York as an example. The simulation results show that the electric automobile provides the frequency modulation and the rotation backup service through the agency mechanism in the power market environment. The work is economically feasible. The paper concludes the research results of the full text, and
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM711;U469.72

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