长焦距宽光谱红外双波段消热差探测成像光学系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 09:24

本文选题：应用光学　切入点：光学相机　出处：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术和探测器工艺水平的不断发展进步,共孔径红外双波段消热差热成像技术在空间领域和国防工业中的应用越来越广泛。共孔径红外双波段消热差光学技术考虑了对目标探测双波段的需求和对环境温度变化消热差的需求,应用不同波长的红外波段复合探测目标,可以提高系统的识别能力和识别速度,同时可以在恶劣环境温度下工作,此外在保证准确获取目标信息提高目标跟踪识别能力的同时,还可以降低光电探测设备的成本,减小设备的整机尺寸,减轻设备的重量,这对于空间光学仪器有着重要的意义。针对长焦距宽光谱红外双波段消热差探测成像系统,本文提出了三种基于共孔径结构形式的光学方案,推导了初始结构计算公式给出了设计实例,最后考虑工程可实现性采用折反式共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统结构形式,研制了满足性能指标的折反式共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统,论文主要的研究内容和贡献综述如下:(1)本文介绍了红外双波段消热差热成像技术的研究背景和意义,分析了温度变化对红外光学系统的影响,从曲率半径、材料厚度、材料折射率、镜片间隔、非球面参数、衍射面参数等方面系统分析了温度变化对光学参数的影响,并建立了相应的数学模型,针对温度变化对红外光学系统的影响,给出了机电主动式、机械被动式、光学被动式三种消热差方法,并从实现方法、性能、可靠性、重量、成本、环境稳定性和可维修性等方面对三种消热差设计方法进行了对比分析。(2)本文分析了现代红外消热差光学系统的特点,确定了红外双波段消热差光学系统的几种选型方式,提出了一种反射式长焦距宽光谱共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统方案,推导了基于四个同轴反射镜系统的初始结构计算公式,给出了设计实例。针对像质要求较高的设计要求,又提出了一种共孔径部分为反射镜和透镜相结合的长焦距宽光谱共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统方案,推导了其初始结构计算公式,基于系统中出现的非球面拐点问题,提出了一种通过求解不同半径处矢高对半径的一阶导数和二阶导数来判断非球面是否有拐点的方法,并在设计的长焦距宽光谱共孔径折反射式红外双波段消热差光学系统中进行了实例应用,取得了很好的效果。(3)本文分析了衍射光学元件的初级像差特性,探索了衍射光学元件的衍射效率,研究了衍射光学元件特殊的色散特性和温度特性,基于衍射光学元件可对波面进行任意整形的特点,针对分光镜在折射光路中引入的像差,提出了利用衍射光学元件来校正这些像差的思路,进行了实例验证,并和球面光学元件和非球面光学元件的校正结果进行了对照分析,验证了衍射光学元件校正这些像差的优越性。基于该优点并利用衍射光学元件特殊的色散和温度特性,设计了一种反射/折射/衍射混合式长焦距宽光谱共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统,取得了较好的结果。(4)本文分析了鬼像对光学系统成像的影响,提出了一种快速分析光学系统鬼像的方法,作为分析实例对折反射式长焦距宽光谱共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统进行了鬼像分析。(5)本文对上述三种光学方案进行了对比分析,考虑工程可实现性确定采用共孔径红外双波段折反射式方案,并研制了长焦距宽光谱共孔径折反射式红外双波段消热差光学系统,进行了系统集成,搭建测试平台利用能量集中度作为评价标准对共孔径红外双波段消热差光学系统进行了性能测试,验证了所述方案的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology and the detector technological level, application and common aperture of athermal thermal imaging technology in the field of space and defense industry more widely. A common aperture dual band infrared athermal optical technology of dual band target detection requirements and athermalization of demand the change of environmental temperature, infrared target detection using composite of different wavelengths, which can improve the system's recognition ability and speed, and can work in harsh environment, in addition to ensure accurate target information to improve the target tracking and recognition ability at the same time, but also can reduce the cost of the photoelectric detection equipment, reduce the size of equipment. Reduce the weight of the device, which is of great significance for space optical instrument. According to the length of the wide spectrum of athermal imaging detection system, this paper. The three kinds of common aperture optical scheme structure based on derivation of the initial structure gives the calculation formula of design examples, consider the implementation of the final common aperture catadioptric infrared dual band athermal optical system structure engineering, has been developed to meet the performance of common aperture catadioptric infrared dual band athermal the optical system, the main research contents and contributions are summarized as follows: (1) this paper introduces athermal thermal imaging technology research background and significance, analyzes the influence of temperature change on the infrared optical system, the radius of curvature, thickness, refractive index, lens interval, aspheric parameters, diffraction surface parameters were analyzed systematically the effect of temperature on the optical parameters, and the corresponding mathematical model is established, the effect of temperature on the infrared optical system, mechanical and electrical machinery are active are given. Type, three kinds of optical passive athermalisation methods, and the implementation method, performance, reliability, weight, cost, stability and maintainability of three kinds of analyzed athermalisation methods. (2) this paper analyzes the characteristics of thermal dissipation of modern infrared optical system, identified several the selection method of athermal optical system, proposes a reflective telephoto wide spectrum of common aperture dual band infrared athermal optical system, deduced the formula of initial structure of four coaxial mirror system based on design examples are given. According to the design requirements of high quality as required, and a common aperture part reflector and lens combination of long focal length and wide spectrum of common aperture dual band infrared athermal optical system, deduces the calculation formula of the initial structure, aspheric the turn off system based on Some problems, propose a solution by different radius vector of the radius of a high order derivative and two order derivative to determine whether there is a non spherical inflection point method and common aperture catadioptric infrared dual band athermal optical system of wide spectral distance with examples should be made in the design of long focal length. Good results. (3) this paper analyzes the aberration characteristic of diffractive optical elements, to explore the efficiency of diffractive optical elements, the dispersion characteristics and the temperature characteristics of the special characteristics of the diffractive optical element, diffractive optical elements can be arbitrary shaping of the wavefront aberration based on the spectroscope in the refraction of light in the road and put forward to correct these aberrations using diffractive optical element method, verified, and calibration results of spherical optical element and aspheric surface were compared and analyzed, verified the diffraction light The superiority of the element for correcting these aberrations. The advantages of using the dispersion and temperature characteristics of diffractive optical elements based on the special design of a reflection / refraction / diffraction hybrid telephoto wide spectrum of common aperture athermal optical system, and achieved good results. (4) this paper analyzes the ghost image the influence of the optical imaging system, this paper presents a fast method for the analysis of optical system of ghost images, as examples of para catadioptric telephoto wide spectrum of common aperture dual band infrared athermal optical system for the analysis of ghost image. (5) this paper makes a comparative analysis of the three kinds of optical scheme, considering the implementation of determine the use of common aperture dual band infrared catadioptric project, and developed a wide spectrum of long focal length common aperture catadioptric infrared dual band athermal optical system, the system integration, build the test platform can use The volume concentration is used as an evaluation criterion to test the performance of a common aperture infrared dual band heat dissipation optical system, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN216

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