双动力列车牵引变流系统电磁兼容性研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 05:25

本文选题：电磁骚扰 + 异步牵引电机　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国轨道交通事业的快速发展,城际铁路、市域铁路与城市轨道交通连接的问题逐渐显现,为实现三种牵引网下的跨线运行,采用双流制列车势在必行。双流制列车在不同供电模式下,牵引变流系统对外产生的电磁骚扰特性以及其与地面信号设备的电磁兼容性不容忽视。特别是在交-直-交供电模式下,变流器作为列车最主要电磁干扰源之一,其对牵引电机和列车周围电磁环境造成的影响至关重要。本文以双供电制式城际动车组牵引变流系统作为研究对象,对其电磁兼容性进行了相关研究及其仿真分析,研究内容主要包括以下几个方面。首先,从牵引变流系统结构出发。详细阐述了整流器与逆变器的拓扑结构及各自的变流原理,以分析得到的等效开关原理图为基础,讨论了整流器与逆变器工作过程中的能流传递状态变化;介绍了中间直流环节的组成及功能作用;根据有限元法和二维瞬态磁场分析理论,在Maxwell软件环境下搭建275kW异步牵引电机有限元仿真模型。其次,从脉宽调制原理入手,深入研究了正弦脉宽调制与空间矢量脉宽调制技术的机理以及各自PWM波的仿真调制方法。对具有两重联结拓扑结构的整流电路,采用瞬态直接电流控制,分别在Ansys Simplorer与Matlab Simulink搭建主电路与控制系统模型。在Simplorer环境下建立SPWM逆变电路和SVPWM逆变电路模型,随后结合前面Maxwell软件中的异步电机有限元模型,完成基于两种PWM(SPWM和SVPWM)控制逆变器与电机的场路耦合联合仿真。然后,根据上述模型得出整流器、逆变器以及牵引电机的仿真结果。对仿真呈现的电压、电流波形进行时域与频域分析,讨论由PWM供电或共模干扰所带来的电磁骚扰特性,并根据有限元电机仿真结果,分析谐波对电机性能造成的影响。此外,本文在上述仿真模型的基础上,搭建了牵引变流系统整体仿真模型,分别从传导耦合骚扰和电磁辐射骚扰两个方面进行相应的电磁兼容分析。最后,通过对某型牵引电机输入线缆上共模骚扰电流实际测量,讨论了由实际逆变器引起的共模骚扰电流特性;同时,测量了逆变器供电下电机周围空间环境的磁场场强。将测试所得数据与仿真结论作比较,从电磁测量的角度验证仿真模型的实用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of rail transit in our country, the problem of intercity railway, urban railway and urban rail transit is becoming more and more obvious. In order to realize the cross-line operation of three kinds of traction network, it is imperative to adopt two-stream train.Under different power supply modes, the electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of traction converter system and its electromagnetic compatibility with ground signal equipment can not be ignored.Especially in the AC-DC-AC power supply mode, as one of the most important electromagnetic interference sources, the converter plays an important role in the traction motor and the electromagnetic environment around the train.In this paper, the traction converter system of dual power supply inter-city EMU is taken as the research object, and its electromagnetic compatibility is studied and simulated. The main contents of the research include the following aspects.First of all, from the traction converter system structure.The topology structure of rectifier and inverter and their converter principle are described in detail. Based on the analysis of the equivalent switching principle diagram, the change of energy flow transfer state in the working process of rectifier and inverter is discussed.According to the finite element method and the theory of two-dimensional transient magnetic field analysis, the finite element simulation model of 275kW asynchronous traction motor is built under the environment of Maxwell software.Secondly, starting with the principle of pulse width modulation, the mechanism of sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation and the simulation modulation methods of their respective PWM waves are studied.The rectifier circuit with double connection topology is controlled by transient direct current. The main circuit and control system model are built in Ansys Simplorer and Matlab Simulink respectively.The SPWM inverter circuit and the SVPWM inverter circuit model are established under the Simplorer environment. Then combined with the finite element model of the asynchronous motor in the previous Maxwell software, the field-circuit coupling joint simulation of the inverter and the motor based on the two kinds of PWM(SPWM and SVMPWM control is completed.Then, according to the above model, the simulation results of rectifier, inverter and traction motor are obtained.The voltage and current waveforms presented by the simulation are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. The electromagnetic disturbance characteristics caused by PWM power supply or common-mode interference are discussed. Based on the simulation results of finite element motor, the influence of harmonics on the performance of the motor is analyzed.In addition, on the basis of the above simulation model, the whole simulation model of traction converter system is built, and the corresponding EMC analysis is carried out from two aspects: conductive coupled disturbance and electromagnetic radiation disturbance.Finally, by measuring the common-mode disturbance current on the input cable of a traction motor, the characteristics of the common-mode disturbance current caused by the actual inverter are discussed, and the magnetic field intensity in the space surrounding the motor is measured.The test data are compared with the simulation results, and the practicability of the simulation model is verified from the point of view of electromagnetic measurement.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U264;TN03

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