基于FPGA的电动汽车空调电子膨胀阀控制器的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-05-01 23:45

  本文选题：电动汽车 + 热泵型空调　； 参考：《中原工学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,全球气候及环境问题日趋严峻,汽车给环境带来的影响越来越明显,因此,新能源汽车的研究日趋重要。电动汽车作为新能源汽车的一部分,这几年得到了快速发展,许多大的汽车厂家都加入了研究生产电动汽车行列。电动汽车空调是电动汽车必不可少的一部分,而空调控制器控制着整个空调系统,对电动汽车的续航有着直接影响。电子膨胀阀控制器是整个空调制冷系统的一部分,对其研究具有一定的意义,现有电子膨胀阀控制器都相对独立于空调控制系统中,在使用过程中,当空调系统的参数出现变化时,控制器不易作出调整,应用不灵活,同时系统结构复杂,成本高昂,针对这一系列的特点,本文研发设计了一种基于FPGA的电动汽车空调电子膨胀阀控制器。本文通过对电子膨胀阀控制器需求分析,对控制器控制策略和方式进行了分析论证,对FPGA芯片、温度、压力传感器等进行了芯片选型,并针对电子膨胀阀控制器的特点设计和论证了总体方案。本文详细分析了过热度控制的方法,即通过压力、温度传感器测量蒸发器出口和入口的温度和压力,计算和分析了温度压力与过热度的关系,并通过实验的方式找出最优控制参数,通过参数选取对阀门开度的控制,优化整合的PID算法控制逻辑和控制方案,并利用美国Altera公司的硬件开发工具QuartusⅡ对电子膨胀阀控制器系统进行顶层设计,用C语言对电子膨胀阀控制器系统的软件的开发。本文详细介绍了系统主要模块,温度采集模块、压力采集模块、A/D转换模块、LCD显示模块等软硬件的开发流程和程序实现,并对各模块进行仿真波形及部分模块的测试。基于FPGA的强大功能,设计的电子膨胀阀控制器以模块化的方式嵌入整个空调控制器中。通过完整的测试和实验,结果表明,用FPGA作为主控芯片的电子膨胀阀控制器系统,与传统的单片机或者ARM相比,具有体积小,设计周期短,可移植性强,并且在线可编程等优点,在未来,高度集成化、智能化的汽车电控系统,采用FPGA作为芯片可以有效满足更多车载设备模块的集成,有利于系统设计的小型化,同时降低了汽车成本,并为汽车内部节省了空间。最后,通过对电子膨胀阀控制器控制性能及结果的研究分析,对整个控制器的特点进行了总结与分析,并对未来提出展望和期待。
[Abstract]:At present, the global climate and environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, and the impact of vehicles on the environment is becoming more and more obvious. Therefore, the research of new energy vehicles is becoming more and more important. As a part of new energy vehicles, electric vehicles have been developed rapidly in recent years, and many large automobile manufacturers have joined the ranks of research and production of electric vehicles. Electric vehicle air conditioning is an essential part of electric vehicle, and the air conditioning controller controls the whole air conditioning system, which has a direct impact on the electric vehicle's life. The electronic expansion valve controller is a part of the whole air-conditioning refrigeration system, which has certain significance. The existing electronic expansion valve controller is relatively independent from the air conditioning control system, and in the process of use, the electronic expansion valve controller is relatively independent of the air conditioning control system. When the parameters of the air conditioning system change, the controller is not easy to adjust, the application is not flexible, and the system structure is complex and the cost is high. In this paper, an electronic expansion valve controller for electric vehicle air conditioning based on FPGA is designed and developed. By analyzing the demand of electronic expansion valve controller, the control strategy and mode of the controller are analyzed and demonstrated. The chip selection of FPGA chip, temperature and pressure sensor is given. According to the characteristics of the electronic expansion valve controller, the overall scheme is designed and demonstrated. In this paper, the method of superheat control is analyzed in detail, that is, the temperature and pressure at outlet and inlet of evaporator are measured by pressure and temperature sensor, and the relationship between temperature and pressure is calculated and analyzed. The optimal control parameters are found by experiment, and the control logic and control scheme of integrated PID algorithm are optimized by selecting the parameters to control the valve opening. The top-level design of the electronic expansion valve controller system is carried out by using the hardware development tool Quartus 鈪，

本文编号：1831507