透射成像系统内激光的折射与散射特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 14:55

本文选题：光电对抗 + 激光传输　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着光电成像系统在武器制导、卫星侦察、微光夜视等军事领域的广泛运用,以光电对抗为背景对成像系统进行干扰与损伤的研究成为了信息作战的焦点。激光以其强度高、单色性好、准直性强、反应速度快等特点,使其极其容易对光电成像探测器造成干扰或损伤,而激光在与成像探测器作用前,需要先通过光学系统进行成像。因此,对激光经光学系统发生折射或散射后像面的能量分布进行研究有重要意义。本文首先对激光正入射光学系统透射后像面的能量分布进行了研究。从波动光学的角度推导激光传输理论,将Collins衍射积分公式与光学ABCD矩阵联系起来,首先得到复杂光学系统的衍射积分公式,推导高斯光束经光学系统后像面的能量分布情况。以3514MM型号镜头为例,计算了532nm与1064nm激光在与该光学系统作用距离10m处不同衰减倍率情况下的像面的能量分布信息,讨论了此情况下像面的能量对CCD探测器的影响。结果表明,采用激光传输理论计算的532nm与1064nm波段激光经光学系统后像面的能量可以使CCD达到饱和。其次,对激光斜入射光学系统散射后像面的能量分布进行了研究。以光束的散射传输理论为基础,通过Trace Pro光线追迹软件,分析激光以不同角度入射光学系统后像面的能量分布。以3514MM型号镜头为例,获取其镜筒内壁与光阑的BRDF值,通过数据处理以及曲线拟合,得到对应的ABg参数,建立了激光辐照光学系统的散射分析模型,并对532nm与1064nm波段激光以不同角度入射光学系统后像面的能量分布进行了光线追迹与分析。最后,为验证理论计算获得的像面能量分布精度,进行了激光辐照光学系统物理实验。采用532nm与1064nm波段激光辐照光学系统,获得了衰减倍率60d B、90d B下像面能量分布信息。通过对比分析,提出了加入透过率参数修正激光传输变换理论的思想。此外,本文还对不同激光入射角度、探测器不同饱和阈值条件下像面的饱和像元进行了仿真与分析,计算出了不同的饱和阈值对应像面达到的饱和像元数,并分析了不同激光波段、入射角度、探测器不同饱和阈值与像面达到的饱和像元数之间的关系。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of photoelectric imaging system in weapon guidance, satellite reconnaissance, night vision and other military fields, the study of interference and damage to imaging system in the background of optoelectronic countermeasure has become the focus of information warfare. Laser has the characteristics of high intensity, good monochromaticity, strong collimation and fast reaction speed, which makes it easy to interfere or damage the photoelectric imaging detector. However, before the laser acts with the imaging detector, it needs to be imaged by optical system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the energy distribution of the image plane after the laser is refracted or scattered through the optical system. In this paper, the energy distribution of the image plane after the transmission of the laser normal incident optical system is studied. The theory of laser propagation is derived from the viewpoint of wave optics. The diffraction integral formula of Gao Si is connected with the optical ABCD matrix, and the diffraction integral formula of complex optical system is obtained, and the energy distribution of the Gao Si beam passing through the image plane of the optical system is deduced. Taking 3514MM lens as an example, the energy distribution information of the image plane of the 532nm and 1064nm laser at different attenuation rates at 10 m from the optical system is calculated, and the influence of the energy of the image plane on the CCD detector is discussed. The results show that the energy of 532nm and 1064nm laser passing through the optical system can be saturated by using the theory of laser propagation. Secondly, the energy distribution of the image plane after the scattering of laser oblique incident optical system is studied. Based on the theory of beam scattering propagation and trace Pro ray tracing software, the energy distribution of the image plane after the laser incident at different angles is analyzed. Taking 3514MM lens as an example, the BRDF values of the inner wall of the lens tube and the aperture are obtained. Through data processing and curve fitting, the corresponding ABG parameters are obtained, and the scattering analysis model of the laser irradiated optical system is established. The ray tracing and analysis of the energy distribution of the image plane after the 532nm and 1064nm laser incident at different angles are also carried out. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of image surface energy distribution obtained by theoretical calculation, the physical experiments of laser irradiated optical system are carried out. The energy distribution information of the image plane under the attenuation rate of 60 dB / 90 dB was obtained by using the optical system irradiated by 532nm and 1064nm laser. Through comparison and analysis, the idea of adding transmittance parameters to modify the laser transmission transformation theory is put forward. In addition, the saturated pixels of the image plane under different laser incident angles and detector saturation thresholds are simulated and analyzed, and the number of saturated pixels corresponding to different saturation thresholds is calculated. The relationship between different laser bands, incident angles, detector saturation thresholds and the number of saturated pixels reached in the image plane is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN241

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