贴片机的运动控制及贴装优化

发布时间：2019-06-08 11:24

【摘要】：电子产业近年来已发展成为一个国家科技和经济发展的重要标志,在电子生产行业中,SMT占有十分重要的位置。一条完整的SMT产线由多种设备构成,其中贴片机是SMT生产线中最关键也最复杂的设备。贴片机是高度集成的光机电一体化装置,需满足高速、高精度、高稳定性、宽适应性、易维护和高集成化等要求。本文在现有贴片机的基础上对贴片机的运动控制系统设计、运动控制算法和影响贴片机贴装效率的问题展开研究。首先,本文设计了“基于PC+MP控制器”的开放式运动控制系统硬件平台,包括电机驱动模块、贴片头的安全保障模块等。此硬件平台具有可移植性、交互操作性、缩放性及可配置性,满足未来贴片机向模块化和多功能方面扩展的趋势要求。其次,本文主要从元器件的贴装顺序优化方面来提高贴片机的贴装效率。在分析贴片头工作过程的基础上建立贴装模型,设计了融入近邻搜索算法和进化机制思想的改进遗传算法,并将其应用于贴装顺序优化的求解。以4贴片头的贴片机为例,对比传统遗传算法、带迁徙的差分进化算法和改进遗传算法在迭代次数、优化路径上的区别,实验结果表明改进后的遗传算法在贴装顺序优化问题上具有可行性。再其次,本文建立了控制系统数学模型,讨论了贴片机对z轴和θ轴的控制要求。通过不同智能控制算法仿真效果的对比,分析了各控制算法在稳定性、快速性和软着陆实现方面的性能。针对传统算法在实现软着陆方面的不足,对Z轴采用了基于遗传算法的P/PI参数转换控制算法；针对传统算法在θ轴控制上的参数频繁调整问题,采用了基于正弦速度曲线的P/PI参数转换控制算法,并在Matlab仿真平台下验证了算法的可行性和有效性。然后在P/PI参数转换控制算法的基础上,以4贴片头的贴片机为例,给出了多头贴片机的z轴和θ轴运动控制流程图。最后,本文利用Matcom将MFC与Matlab程序相结合,实现了运动控制的友好交互界面。在界面中可根据提示设置参数,观察算法对Z轴和θ轴的控制效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the electronic industry has become an important symbol of the development of science, technology and economy in a country. SMT occupies a very important position in the electronic production industry. A complete SMT production line is composed of a variety of equipment, among which placement machine is the most critical and complex equipment in SMT production line. Placement machine is a highly integrated optical mechatronics device, which needs to meet the requirements of high speed, high precision, high stability, wide adaptability, easy maintenance and high integration. On the basis of the existing placement machine, this paper studies the design of the motion control system, the motion control algorithm and the problems that affect the placement efficiency of the placement machine. Firstly, the hardware platform of open motion control system based on PC MP controller is designed, including motor drive module, safety guarantee module of patch head and so on. This hardware platform has portability, interaction, scaling and configuration, which can meet the requirements of modularization and multi-function expansion of placement machine in the future. Secondly, this paper mainly improves the mounting efficiency of the placement machine from the aspect of the optimization of the mounting sequence of the components. On the basis of analyzing the working process of patch head, the mounting model is established, and an improved genetic algorithm which integrates the idea of nearest neighbor search algorithm and evolutionary mechanism is designed and applied to the solution of mount sequence optimization. Taking the placement machine with 4 patch heads as an example, this paper compares the differences between the traditional genetic algorithm, the differential evolution algorithm with migration and the improved genetic algorithm in the number of iterations and the optimization path. The experimental results show that the improved genetic algorithm is feasible in the optimization of mounting sequence. Secondly, the mathematical model of the control system is established, and the control requirements of the z axis and the theta axis of the placement machine are discussed. Through the comparison of the simulation results of different intelligent control algorithms, the performance of each control algorithm in stability, rapidity and soft landing is analyzed. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional algorithm in realizing soft landing, the P/PI parameter conversion control algorithm based on genetic algorithm is used for Z axis. In order to solve the problem of frequent parameter adjustment of the traditional algorithm in the 胃 axis control, the P/PI parameter conversion control algorithm based on sinusoidal velocity curve is adopted, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified on the Matlab simulation platform. Then, on the basis of P/PI parameter conversion control algorithm, taking the placement machine with 4 patch heads as an example, the flow charts of z axis and theta axis motion control of multi head placement machine are given. Finally, this paper uses Matcom to combine MFC with Matlab program to realize the friendly interactive interface of motion control. In the interface, the parameters can be set according to the prompt, and the control effect of the algorithm on Z axis and theta axis can be observed.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN405

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