石油地震数据压缩方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 19:22

本文选题：石油数据　切入点：小波变换　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地震数据是石油勘探以及生产采集中的重要参数之一，能够有效的反映出油田地质情况以及油层含量变化，由于地震数据的数据量巨大且需要实时传输来为石油勘探和生产提供分析依据，给计算机存储以及数据传输方面带来了很多问题。为推进油田自动一体化进程，满足数据实时性传输的需要，针对上述问题，本文对石油地震数据压缩方法进行了研究。论文分析了国内外压缩方法的现状，，针对石油地震数据的特点，根据DB4小波变换具有多分辨率分析的特性，将石油地震数据变换到小波域，通过小波变换对地震信号分解，选取软阈值压缩算法处理小波低频系数，对数据进行小波阈值量化达到降噪的目的。本文深入研究了传统LZ77无损压缩算法的基本原理，讨论了传统压缩方法存在的问题与不足，提出通过对唯一代码输出形式的改变以及扩展滑动字典的方法对传统算法进行优化，通过仿真从压缩时间、压缩率、还原时间和压缩比方面论证采用该优化方法在石油地震数据上压缩效果较传统方法有所提高。通过对最小匹配倍数的设置来减小石油地震数据中冗余，引入Huffman编码方式存储数据。通过仿真对地震数据进行压缩证明了该优化算法压缩效果相对较好，计算速度较快，重构精度相对较高，对于解决石油地震数据压缩问题具有更优的效果。
[Abstract]:Seismic data is one of the important parameters in petroleum exploration and production acquisition, which can effectively reflect the oil field geological conditions and reservoir content changes. Because of the huge amount of seismic data and the need of real-time transmission to provide analysis basis for oil exploration and production, it brings many problems to computer storage and data transmission. To meet the need of real-time data transmission, the compression method of petroleum seismic data is studied in this paper. This paper analyzes the present situation of compression methods at home and abroad, according to the characteristics of petroleum seismic data, according to the characteristics of DB4 wavelet transform with multi-resolution analysis, the petroleum seismic data is transformed into wavelet domain, and the seismic signal is decomposed by wavelet transform. The soft threshold compression algorithm is selected to deal with wavelet low frequency coefficients and the data is quantized by wavelet threshold to reduce noise. In this paper, the basic principle of the traditional LZ77 lossless compression algorithm is deeply studied, and the problems and shortcomings of the traditional compression method are discussed. By changing the unique code output form and extending the sliding dictionary, the traditional algorithm is optimized, and the compression time and compression ratio are simulated. The reduction time and compression ratio show that the compression effect of this optimization method on petroleum seismic data is better than that of the traditional method. By setting the minimum matching multiple to reduce the redundancy in the petroleum seismic data, the Huffman coding method is introduced to store the data. The compression of the seismic data by simulation proves that the compression effect of the optimized algorithm is relatively good and the calculation speed is relatively fast. The reconstruction accuracy is relatively high, which is better for solving the compression problem of petroleum seismic data.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.44;P618.13

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