中国潜质页岩形成和分布

发布时间：2018-04-26 16:56

本文选题：沉降-沉积 + 中心转移　；参考：《地学前缘》2016年01期

【摘要】：我国页岩盆地发育的大地构造背景复杂,板块规模偏小且地质活动性较强,彼此之间相互影响且在中、新生代以来受外缘板块环境影响较大,表现为南海北陆、南早北晚、南升北降等重大差异,在东西方向上,也由于塔里木与华北板块之间的演变差异而出现较大区别。中国页岩的分布主要受控于板块特点及构造、沉积之间的相互匹配,板块及其相互之间的相对运动造成了不同时代沉降-沉积中心的迁移变化。塔里木、华北、华南三个板块均发生了四次沉降-沉积中心的转移,但总体上表现为早古生代海相时期的由东向西转移、晚古生代海陆交互相时期的背离板块汇聚中心式转移、中生代陆相和海陆交互相时期的由东向西转移、新生代陆相时期的由西向东转移。潜质页岩及页岩气主要发育在中部地区,具有时代交替、南海北陆、东西分异、时空变迁等特点。南方下古生界海相页岩气原始地质条件优越,但有机质热演化程度高且后期改造强,页岩气的有利区分布既受控于构造与沉积条件,也更决定于构造与沉积两者的相互匹配;晚古生代为主的海陆交互相页岩分布范围广、累积厚度大,常与砂岩、煤系及灰岩频繁互层,有机质热演化程度较为适中,是我国页岩气进一步勘探开发的重要目标层系。北方以中新生代陆相为代表的页岩分布受控于盆地结构,是我国页岩油发育的主体区域。针对各套潜质页岩特点,页岩气勘探宜分别考虑。
[Abstract]:In China, the tectonic setting of the shale basin is complex, the plate size is small and the geological activity is strong, which is influenced by each other and is influenced greatly by the external plate environment since the Cenozoic, which shows the great difference between the north land of the South China Sea, the south early North and the south to the north, and in the East and West, it is also due to the Tarim and the North China plate. The distribution of the shale in China is mainly controlled by the characteristics and structures of the plates, the matching of the deposits, and the relative movement of the plates and their interaction between the sedimentation centers of different times. The three plates of Tarim, North China and Southern China have four sedimentation centers. But on the whole, it shows that the early Paleozoic marine phase shifted from east to west, and the late Paleozoic sea and land cross period was diverged from the center of the plate, the Mesozoic continental facies and the sea land interphase shifted from east to west, and the Cenozoic continental phase shifted from west to East. The submersible shale and shale gas developed mainly in the central region. In the south, the lower Paleozoic marine shale gas has a superior original geological condition, but the thermal evolution of the organic matter is high and the later transformation is strong. The favorable distribution of shale gas is controlled by both the tectonic and sedimentary conditions, and it is more determined by the matching of both the structure and the deposition, and the late Paleozoic is the same. The main marine and continental cross shale has a wide distribution range, large accumulative thickness, often interbedded with sandstone, coal measures and limestone, and the thermal evolution of organic matter is moderate. It is an important target layer for further exploration and development of shale gas in China. The distribution of shale in the north is controlled by the structure of the basin and is the development of shale oil in China. In view of the characteristics of each potential shale, shale gas exploration should be considered separately.

【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京)能源学院;页岩气勘查与评价国土资源部重点实验室;中国华电集团清洁能源有限公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41272167;40672087)
【分类号】：P618.13

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