陇东地区非纵采集观测系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:45

本文选题：黄土塬 + 地震采集　；参考：《西安石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究区地表条件复杂,低降速带非均质性强,地震资料的信噪比和分辨率均较低,难以满足油气开发需要。因此,探寻获取高信噪比和高分辨率地震资料的数据采集方法就显得尤为重要。为了解决黄土塬地震资料信噪比低、分辨率低的问题,发展了非纵采集方法。主要研究了非纵采集的观测系统参数,包括道距、最大炮检距、最小偏移距、非纵距、接收线距、接收线束、覆盖次数等。非纵采集最主要的是要论证非纵距,非纵距首先受非纵观测误差限制,其次要选择压制干扰最好的非纵距,研究认为25m道距、5837.5的最大炮检距、62.5m最小偏移距、1200m的非纵距、50m接收线距、4线2炮155次纵测线覆盖,310次非纵测线覆盖、能很好的压制噪音。黄土山地激发井深要根据岩性含水性调查确定,组合激发是必要手段,组合数要根据低降速层厚度分区确定,激发药量最少要保持20kg以上,30kg左右的药量才能保证能量充足。检波器组合是提高资料信噪比的必要方法,组内距1m能较好的压制噪音,为了保证组内距足够大,可以适当放宽组合高差限制,以提高信噪比为首要目标。无射线层析静校正能更好地解决黄土塬静校正问题。自适应滤波和F-K联合去噪是一套适合黄土塬非纵的去噪技术。使用纵测线叠加速度作为非纵速度分析的参考速度,弥补了非纵测线无近偏移距信息的缺陷。
[Abstract]:It is difficult to meet the needs of oil and gas development because of the complex surface conditions, the strong heterogeneity of low velocity reduction zone, and the low signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data. Therefore, it is very important to explore the data acquisition method of high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution seismic data. In order to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution of seismic data in loess plateau, a non-longitudinal acquisition method is developed. This paper mainly studies the parameters of the observation system of non-longitudinal acquisition, including the trace distance, the most cannon-check distance, the minimum offset, the non-longitudinal distance, the receiving harness, the coverage number and so on. The most important thing for non-longitudinal acquisition is to demonstrate non-longitudinal distance, which is first limited by non-general measurement error, and then the best non-longitudinal distance should be selected to suppress interference. It is considered that the maximum offset (62.5 m) and the minimum offset (1200m) of 25m channel distance (5837.5), the non-longitudinal distance (50m), the receiving line (50m), the distance (4), the second gun (155 times), cover 310 times (310 times), can suppress noise very well. The depth of excitation well in loess mountain area should be determined according to the investigation of water bearing lithology, the combination excitation is a necessary means, the combination number must be determined according to the thickness division of low velocity falling layer, and the amount of excitation charge should be kept at least 30 kg above 20kg in order to ensure sufficient energy. Geophone combination is a necessary method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the data. In order to ensure that the interval within the group is large enough, the combination height difference can be relaxed properly, and the primary target is to improve the SNR. The static correction of non-ray tomography can better solve the problem of static correction in loess tableland. Adaptive filtering and F-K combined denoising are a set of non-longitudinal denoising techniques suitable for loess tableland. The superposition velocity of the longitudinal line is used as the reference velocity for the analysis of the non-longitudinal velocity, which makes up for the defect of the non-longitudinal line without the information of the near offset.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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