基于次声的泥石流监测系统设计与分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 13:21

本文选题：泥石流 + 次声　；参考：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：泥石流是一种分布广泛、发生频繁的自然灾害,常见于山区,具有来势猛、破坏性强等特点,对山区人民的生命财产安全和自然生态环境造成巨大的威胁。实现泥石流动态监测,对于防灾减灾具有重要意义。已有的泥石流监测方法存在着响应慢、误报漏报率高等缺陷,因此,本文设计了一种基于次声的泥石流监测系统。次声波具有频率低、衰减慢、穿透力强等特性,可以在很远距离外被监测到。在泥石流孕育发展和发生的过程中,由于岩土断裂、挤压和摩擦以及泥石流流动与河床碰撞、摩擦,都会产生次声波。根据泥石流这种次声特性,建立次声监测站点,实现泥石流远距离监测,在泥石流到来前通过接受到的次声信号判断灾害的发生,发出预警,为灾害防护赢得宝贵时间。基于上述原理,本文设计了泥石流次声监测系统,该系统包括次声传感器、数据采集传输仪及其配套设备、服务器和计算机,数据采集传输仪将传感器采集到的次声信号转化为数字信号并传输到远端服务器上,计算机从服务器中调用数据进行信号处理和分析,对受灾地区进行实时监测。在泥石流定位方面,首次将PMCC声源定位法应用到监测分析系统中,定位实验验证了 PMCC法的可行性。通过泥石流滑动模拟实验,得到具有一定特性的次声信号,通过分析发现泥石流开始滑动时产生的次声信号主要集中在0.5～12.5Hz。根据泥石流和滑坡孕育发展的规律可知:流滑体内部裂纹扩展的次声信号频率主要集中在12.5Hz左右;滑移面处颗粒间错动和摩擦产生的次声信号频率主要集中在0.5～6Hz。泥石流滑动模拟实验得到的两种特征信号,可以作为灾害监测的重要参考。
[Abstract]:Debris flow (debris flow) is a kind of natural disaster which is widely distributed and occurs frequently. It is common in mountain area and has the characteristics of fierce coming and strong destructive. It poses a great threat to the safety of people's life and property and the natural ecological environment of mountain area. The realization of debris flow dynamic monitoring is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation. The existing methods of debris flow monitoring have some defects, such as slow response and high false alarm rate. Therefore, a monitoring system of debris flow based on infrasound is designed in this paper. Infrasound is characterized by low frequency, slow attenuation and strong penetration. In the process of development and occurrence of debris flow infrasonic waves are produced due to rock and soil fracture compression and friction as well as collision and friction between debris flow and river bed. According to the infrasound characteristic of debris flow, the infrasound monitoring station is established to realize the remote monitoring of debris flow. Before the arrival of debris flow, the occurrence of disaster is judged by the received infrasound signal, and the early warning is issued, which gains valuable time for disaster protection. Based on the above principle, this paper designs the infrasound monitoring system of debris flow. The system includes infrasound sensor, data acquisition and transmission instrument and its supporting equipment, server and computer. The infrasound signal collected by the sensor is converted into digital signal and transmitted to the remote server. The computer calls the data from the server for signal processing and analysis to monitor the affected area in real time. In the aspect of debris flow location, PMCC sound source location method is applied to the monitoring and analysis system for the first time. The feasibility of PMCC method is verified by the localization experiment. The infrasound signal with certain characteristics is obtained by the simulation experiment of debris flow sliding. It is found that the infrasound signal produced when the debris flow begins to slide is mainly concentrated in 0.5 ~ 12.5Hz. According to the rules of debris flow and landslide development, the infrasonic signal frequency of crack propagation in fluid slip is mainly about 12.5 Hz, and the frequency of infrasonic signal produced by interparticle dislocation and friction at slip plane is mainly 0.5 ~ 6 Hz. The two characteristic signals of debris flow sliding simulation can be used as an important reference for disaster monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.23

【参考文献】