基于GIS的滑坡孕灾、致灾分析及预测

发布时间：2018-02-03 19:09

  本文关键词： GIS 滑坡地质灾害 空间分析 滑坡预测 滑坡风险　出处：《昆明理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步,人类生活水平的提高,城市规划建设规模的扩大以及对自然开采改造工程的增加,地质灾害也频繁发生。这影响了人类生产生活,同时还威胁了人类财产及生命安全。而今,对地质灾害的研究与分析也得到了重视。论文选取云南省镇沅县为研究区域,运用GIS对单一因子影响下的滑坡地质灾害敏感性进行分析,同时还对多因子共同影响下的滑坡地质灾害敏感性、脆弱性、危险性、风险性进行分析。通过对各基础图层进行运算、分类、赋值等操作,对镇沅县的滑坡地质灾害进行分析。最终得到了滑坡地质灾害危险性及风险性的分类等级。同时,针对所研究的结果,提出滑坡地质灾害的预防措施。论文完成的研究工作如下：一、收集相关资料,介绍了GIS在地质灾害和滑坡灾害中的国内外发展现状,并着重介绍了GIS在滑坡灾害中的研究。二、结合GIS技术,提出了论文的研究内容和技术路线,选取了可运用至本文研究的GIS的功能,并将操作的基本方法进行了介绍。三、收集研究区自然概况和相关数据,运用GIS技术编绘相关图件,包括坡度图、地形起伏度图、降水分布图、断裂带分布图、人类工程活动情况等基础图件。四、采用Logical模型分析并确定研究区内各单一孕灾环境因子对滑坡地质灾害敏感性的影响,建立滑坡地质灾害危险性、风险性、脆弱性、敏感性评价的各专题图层,形成滑坡地质灾害的评价体系。五、运用地理信息系统技术中的空间分析,对各个专题图层进行空间叠加分析以及叠加计算,得到脆弱性、敏感性、危险性等评价指数。最终依据滑坡地质灾害的评价体系,得出滑坡地质灾害的等级划分。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society, the improvement of human living standard, the expansion of urban planning and construction scale and the increase of natural mining and transformation projects, geological disasters also occur frequently, which has affected human production and life. At the same time, it also threatens the safety of human property and life. Now, the research and analysis of geological hazards have also been taken seriously. This paper selects Zhenyuan County of Yunnan Province as the research area. Using GIS to analyze the sensitivity of landslide geological hazard under the influence of single factor, and at the same time, to analyze the sensitivity, vulnerability and risk of landslide geological hazard under the influence of multiple factors. Analysis of risk. Through the operation of each basic layer, classification, assignment and other operations. The landslide geological hazards in Zhenyuan County are analyzed. Finally, the classification grades of landslide geological hazards and risk are obtained. At the same time, according to the results of the study. The prevention measures of landslide geological hazard are put forward. The research work completed in this paper is as follows: 1. Collect relevant data and introduce the development status of GIS in geological hazard and landslide disaster at home and abroad. The research of GIS in landslide disaster is introduced emphatically. Secondly, combining with GIS technology, the research content and technical route of this paper are put forward, and the function of GIS which can be applied to this paper is selected. And the basic operation methods are introduced. Third, collect the natural situation of the study area and related data, using GIS technology to compile related maps, including slope map, topographic relief map, precipitation distribution map. The basic maps of fault zone distribution, human engineering activity and so on. Fourthly, Logical model is used to analyze and determine the influence of each single disaster environmental factor on the sensitivity of landslide geological hazards. To establish each thematic map layer of landslide geological hazard risk risk vulnerability and sensitivity evaluation to form the evaluation system of landslide geological hazard. Fifthly the spatial analysis of GIS technology is used. Based on the spatial superposition analysis and superposition calculation of each thematic layer, the vulnerability, sensitivity, risk and other evaluation indexes are obtained. Finally, the evaluation system of landslide geological hazard is adopted. The classification of landslide geological hazard is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P208;P642.22
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本文编号：1488131