长时间序列Landsat TM影像应用于地理国情监测中的技术方法探讨

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:02

本文选题：长时间序列 + Landsat　；参考：《河南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国地域辽阔,资源丰富,但人口众多,人均资源占有量少。近年来,随着经济的深入发展,土地利用结构发生着重大变化,各种资源、环境问题日益突出。为掌握自然、人文、社会、经济等要素的现有状况,制定相应的发展对策,需要进行全面的地理国情监测工作。但我国的地理国情监测工作正处于起步阶段,监测内容与指标、监测方法尚未统一,各省市的地理国情监测工作也处于试探阶段。制定基于某种数据源影像的地理国情监测指标体系与监测方法,对于保证各部门统计、分析数据一致性,准确地进行地表信息动态监测,解决目前存在的资源、环境、人口、经济和社会可持续发展问题具有重要意义。本文从地理国情监测的目的与意义出发,综合分析自然、人文地理要素,明确了地理国情监测的内容。在此基础之上,本文在以下几个方面进行了研究:(1)结合地理国情监测的目标和内容,根据监测对象的不同,针对Landsat TM数据,从尺度特征、时态特征、光谱特征等方面对Landsat数据进行分析,总结Landsat数据的监测能力。(2)针对研究内容和目标,收集并归纳目前国土、资源及生态环境等方面的相关标准与规范,结合Landsat数据的时间、空间和光谱特征,运用理论分析法和频度分析法,筛选出适合Landsat数据的监测指标,并根据指标体系的特点及构建原则,制定了包括3个资源类指标和9个环境类指标在内的适用于中等分辨率Landsat数据的地理国情监测指标体系。(3)选择北京地区地表覆盖类型较为全面的海淀区作为应用示范区,收集整理示范区自上世纪80年代至2010年间的Landsat影像数据,以及历史同期的人口、经济等专题数据,基于构建的地理国情监测指标体系,利用长时间序列Landsat TM影像对不同时期的地理国情要素进行动态监测,对制定的监测指标体系进行验证。结合专题数据,运用数值统计、空间分析等方法,总结地理国情要素的时空变化特点及规律,并从自然地形、经济、人口、基础设施和政策法规等方面,对地理国情要素的变化进行了驱动力分析。
[Abstract]:Our country is vast in territory and rich in resources, but has a large population and a small amount of resources per capita. In recent years, with the development of economy, the structure of land use is undergoing great changes, and the problems of resources and environment are becoming more and more prominent. In order to grasp the existing situation of natural, human, social and economic elements and formulate corresponding development countermeasures, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive monitoring of geographical conditions. However, the monitoring of geographical conditions in China is still in its infancy, the monitoring contents and indicators, the monitoring methods are not unified, and the monitoring work of geographical conditions of provinces and cities is also in the exploratory stage. In order to ensure the statistics of various departments, analyze the data consistency, carry out the dynamic monitoring of surface information accurately, and solve the existing resources, environment and population, we should establish the monitoring index system and monitoring method of geographical national conditions based on some kind of data source image. The problem of sustainable economic and social development is of great significance. Based on the purpose and significance of geographical situation monitoring, this paper comprehensively analyzes the elements of natural and human geography, and clarifies the content of geographical situation monitoring. On this basis, this paper studies the objectives and contents of Landsat TM monitoring in the following aspects: (1) according to the different monitoring objects, according to the Landsat TM data, from the scale characteristics, temporal features, Spectral characteristics and other aspects of Landsat data are analyzed, and the monitoring ability of Landsat data is summarized. Aiming at the contents and objectives of the research, the relevant standards and norms of current land, resources and ecological environment are collected and summarized, and the time of Landsat data is combined. Based on the spatial and spectral characteristics, the monitoring indexes suitable for Landsat data were screened by theoretical analysis and frequency analysis, and according to the characteristics of the index system and the principles of construction, The index system of geographical national condition monitoring, which includes three resource indexes and nine environmental indicators, is developed for medium-resolution Landsat data. The Haidian area, which has a more comprehensive surface cover type in Beijing, is selected as the application demonstration area. Collect and collate the Landsat image data from the 1980s to 2010 in the demonstration area, as well as the population, economic and other thematic data of the historical period, based on the construction of the geographical national conditions monitoring index system. The long time series Landsat TM images are used to dynamically monitor the geographical national conditions in different periods, and the established monitoring index system is verified. Combining with thematic data, using numerical statistics, spatial analysis and other methods, this paper summarizes the characteristics and laws of spatio-temporal change of the elements of geographical national conditions, and from the aspects of natural terrain, economy, population, infrastructure, policies and regulations, etc. The driving force of the change of geographical national factors is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P237

【相似文献】