面向实体的三维空间数据模型及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 04:38

本文选题：地理实体 + 实体模型　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究3DGIS中空间实体数据模型的构建及其应用问题。三维空间数据模型是3DGIS发展和应用的基础和关键,如何对地理空间进行准确而又完整的表达是三维数据模型研究的重要问题,现有数据模型大多侧重于研究空间实体的几何特征,对于实体属性及实体关系的表达不足,而空间属性和空间关系则是三维空间分析及应用的重要内容。面向实体的三维模型是三维空间数据模型的一种重要表达方式,在表达空间实体几何特征的同时,能够完整地记录实体之间的逻辑关系,包括空间关系、语义关系等。本文在分析和总结现有数据模型的基础上,研究并设计了一种面向实体的三维空间数据模型,提出了基于R树索引的模型数据组织方法,构建实体模型库并探讨了实体模型的快速调度机制,在此基础上将三维实体模型应用于复杂密集的城市空间,研究城市空间实体模型的构建及组织结构,设计了城市实体三维模型库,实现了模型的高效应用,主要研究内容如下:(1)分析和总结了现有三维空间数据模型的优缺点,发现已有数据模型侧重于表达地理空间实体的几何特征,对于实体属性特征及空间关系的表达较弱,而面向实体的数据模型在表达实体几何特征的同时,能够完整的存储和表征实体的属性特征及空间关系。实体三维模型以实体对象为核心,将地理实体的要素特征封装于对象内部,便于深层次的空间分析和应用,具有较强的实用价值。(2)研究了三维实体模型构建的相关理论和技术,对地理实体、实体对象模型以及实体空间关系进行分析和总结,在此基础上研究了面向实体的三维建模技术以及三维实体模型的可视化方法,这些理论和技术的研究是三维实体模型构建的重要基础和依据。(3)设计了一种面向实体的三维空间数据模型,从概念体系上对实体模型进行了详细的定义,在此基础上设计了实体模型的组织结构。实体模型由空间属性、非空间属性、空间关系、空间方法四个部分组成,在明确了实体模型的数据结构之后对实体模型的组织和管理方法做了深入的研究,包括模型LOD、模型空间R树索引以及实体模型库的构建等,最后研究了实体三维模型的快速调度机制,有效地提高了实体模型的调度效率。(4)将三维实体模型应用于复杂密集的城市空间,分析了城市空间地理实体的数据特征,在此基础上采用分区分层的思路详细研究了城市实体模型的构建和组织方法,构建城市实体三维模型库,设计并实现了城市实体三维模型可视化系统,该系统的实现对于实体三维模型的具体应用以及3DGIS在城市空间的应用具有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the construction and application of spatial entity data model in 3DGIS. Three-dimensional spatial data model is the foundation and key of the development and application of 3DGIS. How to express the geographic space accurately and completely is an important problem in the research of 3D data model. Most of the existing data models focus on the geometric characteristics of spatial entities, but the representation of entity attributes and entity relationships is inadequate, and spatial attributes and spatial relationships are important contents of three-dimensional spatial analysis and application. Object-oriented 3D model is an important representation of 3D spatial data model. It can record the logical relations between entities, including spatial relations, semantic relations and so on, while expressing the geometric characteristics of spatial entities. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the existing data models, this paper studies and designs an entity oriented 3D spatial data model, and proposes a method of model data organization based on R-tree index. In this paper, the entity model library is constructed and the fast scheduling mechanism of the entity model is discussed. On this basis, the three-dimensional entity model is applied to the complex and dense urban space, and the construction and organization structure of the urban spatial entity model are studied. The 3D model base of urban entity is designed, and the efficient application of the model is realized. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the advantages and disadvantages of the existing 3D spatial data models are analyzed and summarized. It is found that the existing data models focus on the geometric features of geo-spatial entities, but the representation of entity attributes and spatial relationships is weak, while the entity-oriented data models represent the geometric features of entities at the same time. It can store and represent the attributes and spatial relationship of the entity. The entity 3D model takes the entity object as the core, encapsulates the geographical entity essential element characteristic in the object, is convenient for the deep level spatial analysis and the application, has the strong practical value.) has studied the three-dimensional entity model related theory and the technology. Based on the analysis and summary of geographic entity, entity object model and entity spatial relationship, the solid oriented 3D modeling technology and the visualization method of 3D solid model are studied. The research of these theories and techniques is an important foundation and basis for the construction of 3D solid model. A kind of object-oriented 3D spatial data model is designed, which is defined in detail from the concept system. On this basis, the organizational structure of the entity model is designed. The entity model is composed of four parts: spatial attribute, non-spatial attribute, spatial relation and spatial method. After defining the data structure of the entity model, the organization and management methods of the entity model are deeply studied. It includes model LOD, R-tree index in model space and the construction of entity model base. Finally, the fast scheduling mechanism of entity 3D model is studied. The scheduling efficiency of the entity model is improved effectively. (4) the three-dimensional entity model is applied to the complex and dense urban space, and the data characteristics of the urban spatial geographic entity are analyzed. On this basis, the method of constructing and organizing urban entity model is studied in detail, and the 3D model library of urban entity is constructed, and the visualization system of 3D model of urban entity is designed and realized. The realization of the system has some practical significance for the application of solid 3D model and the application of 3DGIS in urban space.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208

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