全矢量地质符号库的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-25 17:31

【摘要】：随着GIS在地质领域应用的不断深入，利用GIS软件进行地质图制图成为了地质行业制图的主要手段。然而现有GIS软件平台的符号体系在进行地图渲染时虽然能够初步满足地质专业制图需求，但是在符号标准化、精细化以及跨平台应用等方面仍存在着许多不足。地质符号通常较为复杂，且符号数目众多，特别是在岩性花纹的表达上，现有GIS平台多是采用栅格图片填充的方式进行地图渲染，在地图比例尺变化时难以保证符号的清晰与美观，，大量的栅格图片也会导致符号渲染速度较慢，符号库存储数据庞大等问题。同时，现有GIS平台的符号系统都相对独立，符号共享方面也不能满足用户的需求。基于以上分析需要设计一个符合我国地质行业制图标准，存储简单，数据冗余少，并且能够保证渲染质量的全矢量地质符号库。经过对我国地质制图标准《区域地质图图例GB958-99》的仔细分析与归纳总结，本论文提出了一套符合地质行业制图标准的全矢量地质符号库，以满足地质行业制图的需求，该符号库独立于任何一个GIS系统进行设计和开发，以便实现符号库的跨平台和符号的共享。在符号库的设计与应用中本文主要完成了以下一些研究工作：（1）采用矢量数据结构的思想和图元组合法，使用全矢量图元组合，属性与渲染周期、模板控制的方式形成地质符号，建立了全矢量地质符号体系结构，实现了地质符号的全矢量化。（2）按照现行地质行业制图的国家标准以及行业标准，提取标准中所规定的符号图元与参数，并按照标准制作地质符号，实现了地质符号的标准化。（3）依据所设计的地质符号库的特点，采用Access数据库存储符号信息，并设计通用的符号库访问接口，为不同的制图软件使用符号库提供了途径，实现符号共享与符号库跨平台应用。（4）结合《海洋标准化综合数字制图系统》项目以及其相关应用，对符号库进行了测试，实现了地质符号的全矢量化、标准化以及跨平台应用，达到了项目中对于符号效果与符号库管理的要求。
[Abstract]:With the deepening application of GIS in geological field, using GIS software to map geological map has become the main means of geological mapping. However, the existing symbol system of GIS software platform can meet the needs of geological professional cartography, but there are still many shortcomings in symbol standardization, refinement and cross-platform application. Geological symbols are usually more complex and have a large number of symbols, especially in the expression of lithologic patterns. Most of the existing GIS platforms are based on raster image filling for map rendering. It is difficult to guarantee the clarity and beauty of the symbols when the map scale changes. A large number of raster images also lead to slow rendering speed of symbols and huge data storage in symbol libraries. At the same time, the existing GIS platform symbol systems are relatively independent, symbol sharing can not meet the needs of users. Based on the above analysis, we need to design a full vector geological symbol library which conforms to the Chinese geological mapping standards, has the advantages of simple storage, less data redundancy, and can guarantee the rendering quality. Based on the careful analysis and summary of the geological mapping standard (GB958-99) in China, this paper puts forward a set of full vector geological symbols library in accordance with the geological industry cartographic standard, in order to meet the needs of geological industry cartography. The symbol library is designed and developed independently of any GIS system in order to realize the cross-platform and symbol sharing of the symbol library. In the design and application of symbol library, this paper has mainly completed the following research work: (1) adopting the idea of vector data structure and the method of element combination, using the combination of full vector graph elements, attributes and rendering period, The formwork control forms geological symbols, establishes the system structure of full vector geological symbols, and realizes the full vectorization of geological symbols. (2) according to the current national standards and industry standards of geological mapping, The symbol elements and parameters are extracted from the standard, and the geological symbols are made according to the standard. (3) according to the characteristics of the designed geological symbol database, the symbol information is stored in the Access database. The universal symbol library access interface is designed, which provides a way for different cartographic software to use symbol library. Implement symbol sharing and symbol database cross-platform application. (4) combined with the project of Marine Standardization Integrated Digital Cartographic system and its related applications, the symbol library has been tested, and the geological symbols have been fully vectorized. Standardization and cross-platform application meet the requirements of symbol effect and symbol library management in the project.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P283.1

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