单螺杆膨胀机性能的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:00

本文选题：单螺杆膨胀机 + 含湿量　；参考：《北京工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础,也是制约经济和社会发展的主要瓶颈。我国工业能耗占总能耗的70%以上,其中至少50%的耗能是温度不同的工业余热,且大部分可回收利用。因此节能减排作为我国的一项基本国策,是我国实现可持续发展的重大战略保障和面临的极为迫切的任务。我国能源利用率低、能耗高。除了生产工艺相对落后、产业结构不合理的因素外,工业余热利用率低,经济效益差,能源没有得到充分综合利用是造成能耗高的重要原因,我国能源利用率仅为33%左右,比发达国家低约10%,至少50%的工业耗能以各种形式的余热被直接废弃。余热利用率提升空间大,节能潜力巨大,因此大力提倡节能减排、降低能耗、提高能源综合利用率,开发适用于低温余热发电的新一代小型高效动力设备成为了重要的研究方向。本文主要针对低温余热利用技术。因为一些领域里的余热资源没有得到合理的利用以及小规模低温发电动力设备技术效率底下等因素导致了能源的浪费。因此提高能源利用率尤其是提高低温余热发电系统能源利用率就显得尤为重要了。本文主要通过小型动力设备单螺杆膨胀机性能测试,来检验影响单螺杆膨胀机性能的原因。本文的主要内容如下:(1)设计和搭建加热压缩空气及蒸汽的单螺杆膨胀机以实验测试系统,在原来实验基础上对实验设备进行改造,增加水蒸气质量流量计算的仪表设备。并通过加入润滑油油路循环系统搭建测试润滑油粘度对单螺杆膨胀机影响的实验平台,对水蒸气和润滑油的影响进行了实验研究。(2)通过加入水蒸气,改变水蒸气的含量,通过测量和计算其功率、气耗率、热效率等性能参数,并对不同含湿量的压缩空气下膨胀动力机的性能进行对比分析。结果表明,在空气中加入部分水能有效提高膨胀机的运行效率。(3)通过改变不同润滑油的粘度,来观察在不同粘度润滑油的情况下单螺杆膨胀机的运行参数的变化情况,分析不同粘度的润滑油对单螺杆膨胀机造成的影响。不同的温度对于润滑油以及单螺杆膨胀机的影响不同,在改变压缩空气的温度来测量不同温度、不同润滑油的情况下,对单螺杆膨胀机的运行参数进行对比分析。实验表明,不同粘度的润滑油对单螺杆膨胀机的影响不同,粘度越小,膨胀机的效率越高。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, and also a major bottleneck restricting economic and social development. Industrial energy consumption in China accounts for more than 70% of the total energy consumption, in which at least 50% of the energy consumption is industrial waste heat with different temperatures, and most of the energy consumption is recyclable. Therefore, energy saving and emission reduction, as a basic national policy of our country, is an important strategic guarantee and an urgent task for our country to realize sustainable development. Our country energy efficiency is low, energy consumption is high. In addition to the factors that the production process is relatively backward and the industrial structure is unreasonable, the low utilization ratio of industrial waste heat, the poor economic benefit and the insufficient comprehensive utilization of energy are the important reasons for the high energy consumption. The energy utilization ratio in China is only about 33%. About 10 percent less than developed countries, at least 50 percent of industrial energy consumption in all forms of waste heat is directly discarded. The utilization rate of waste heat has a large space for improvement and great potential for energy saving. Therefore, we strongly advocate energy conservation and emission reduction, reduce energy consumption, and improve the comprehensive utilization of energy. It has become an important research direction to develop a new generation of small efficient power equipment suitable for low temperature waste heat generation. This paper mainly aims at low temperature waste heat utilization technology. The waste energy is caused by the improper utilization of waste heat resources in some fields and the low efficiency of small scale low-temperature power plants. Therefore, it is very important to improve energy efficiency, especially for low temperature waste heat generation system. In this paper, the performance of single screw expander of small power equipment is tested to test the reasons that affect the performance of single screw expander. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) designing and setting up a single screw expander for heating compressed air and steam to test the test system, reforming the experimental equipment on the basis of the original experiment, and increasing the instrument equipment for calculating the mass flow rate of water vapor. An experimental platform for testing the influence of lubricating oil viscosity on single screw expander was built by adding lubricating oil circulation system. The influence of water vapor and lubricating oil was studied experimentally. (2) by adding water vapor, the content of water vapor was changed. By measuring and calculating its power, gas consumption rate, thermal efficiency and other performance parameters, the performance of expansion engine under different moisture content of compressed air is compared and analyzed. The results show that the operation efficiency of the expander can be improved effectively by adding some water to the air.) by changing the viscosity of different lubricating oil, the operating parameters of the screw expander are observed when the lubricating oil with different viscosity is sent out. The effect of lubricating oil with different viscosity on single screw expander was analyzed. The effect of different temperature on lubricating oil and single screw expander is different. Under the condition of changing the temperature of compressed air to measure different temperature and different lubricating oil, the operation parameters of single screw expander are compared and analyzed. The experiment shows that the effect of lubricating oil with different viscosity on the single screw expander is different. The lower the viscosity, the higher the efficiency of the expander.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK115

【参考文献】