脉冲爆轰推进应用数值模拟及实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 05:30

本文选题：脉冲爆轰发动机 + 爆轰循环　；参考：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：脉冲爆轰发动机是一种新型热力推进装置,它是利用爆轰波后高温高压爆轰产物的膨胀产生推力,具有循环热效率高、推重比大及结构简单等优点,因此在未来飞行器的推进系统有广阔的应用前景。然而脉冲爆轰发动机的工程应用还有许多关键技术没有解决,因此本文通过数值计算和实验模拟研究脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰循环中波的运动作用及其相互作用,理清了其工作循环的特点及规律,讨论了爆轰管内可燃混合物的充气比例对爆轰循环的影响,研究了扩张喷管对其动力性能的影响,最后通过脉冲爆轰发动机装置研究其点火及排气过程的规律。根据脉冲爆轰发动机工作循环的特点研究了其循环过程波系的产生、运动及相互作用等流场特征,从理论上分析了循环过程波系图的变化以及推力的简单计算。主要研究内容如下： (1)由于对可燃混合气的充入难以达到精确控制,在每次循环都不可能恰好充满爆轰管,因此对爆轰管内不同可燃混合气的填充率进行了数值模拟,研究了爆轰管内可燃混合物的填充比对其工作循环的影响,从而为发动机进气的控制提供理论指导。 (2)为了研究喷管对脉冲爆轰发动机动力性能的影响,本文对不同形状的扩张喷管进行了数值计算,研究其与等截面爆轰管产生的瞬时推力以及工作循环内产生的冲量的差异。结果表明：在爆轰管尾部设置扩张喷管能明显提高其动力性能。 (3)为了研究充气压力对脉冲爆轰发动机点火及爆轰产物排放过程的影响,本文采用高速纹影技术对爆轰的点火及爆轰产物的排放过程进行了可视化研究。实验结果表明,随着充气压力的提高,点火过程产生激波的强度和爆轰波在冲出爆轰管时的强度都随之增强。
[Abstract]:Pulse detonation engine is a new type of thermal propulsion device. It uses the expansion of high temperature and high pressure detonation products after detonation wave to produce thrust. It has the advantages of high cycle heat efficiency, large push-weight ratio and simple structure. Therefore, it has a broad application prospect in the future aircraft propulsion system. However, the engineering application of pulsed detonation engine still has many key technologies to be solved. Therefore, the motion and interaction of waves in the detonation cycle of pulsed detonation engine are studied by numerical calculation and experimental simulation. The characteristics and laws of its working cycle are clarified, the effect of the inflatable ratio of combustible mixture in detonation tube on the detonation cycle is discussed, and the influence of expanded nozzle on its dynamic performance is studied. Finally, the ignition and exhaust process of pulsed detonation engine are studied. According to the characteristics of the working cycle of pulsed detonation engine, the characteristics of wave system generation, motion and interaction are studied. The variation of wave system diagram and the simple calculation of thrust are analyzed theoretically. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) because it is difficult to control the filling of combustible mixture accurately, it is impossible to fill the detonation tube at every cycle, so the filling rate of different combustible mixture in the detonation tube is numerically simulated. The effect of filling ratio of combustible mixture in detonation tube on its working cycle is studied, which provides theoretical guidance for the control of engine intake. 2) in order to study the effect of nozzle on the dynamic performance of pulsed detonation engine, numerical calculation is carried out for different shapes of expanded nozzle, and the difference between the instantaneous thrust produced by the nozzle and the constant section detonation tube and the impulse produced in the working cycle is studied. The results show that the dynamic performance of the detonation tube can be improved obviously by setting the expanded nozzle at the end of the detonation tube. 3) in order to study the effect of inflatable pressure on ignition process and detonation product emission process of pulsed detonation engine, a visualization study on ignition and emission process of detonation products is carried out by using high speed schlieren technique in this paper. The experimental results show that the intensity of shock wave produced during ignition and the intensity of detonation wave when flushing out of detonation tube increases with the increase of inflatable pressure.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK407

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