柴油机活塞环组动力学特性及其影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 08:35
【摘要】：随着发动机向高转速、高负荷、低油耗、低排放方向发展,对发动机零部件的性能要求越来越苛刻。活塞环作为发动机的关键零部件,其性能优劣直接影响发动机的动力性、经济性和排放性。研究活塞环动力学特性,可为优化柴油机结构设计提供理论指导。以某四缸柴油机活塞组件为研究对象,借助AVL EXCITE PistonRing软件对活塞组动力学进行了分析,主要从以下几个方面展开了研究工作：首先建立活塞组件动力学模型,并与试验结果进行对比,为后续的仿真提供基础；其次研究活塞裙部结构、头部锥度、销孔位置、配缸间隙等参数的改变对活塞二阶运动的影响,及其对活塞环运动特性的影响；再次研究不同活塞环结构及性能下,缸内润滑油消耗变化规律以及活塞环的运动变化规律：最后研究活塞环岸结构、环闭口间隙等对漏气量的影响规律。主要研究结果表明：(1)活塞裙部中凸点由16mm上移8mmm使得活塞倾角减少18.18%,润滑油消耗降低36.60%。活塞裙部上端缩减量增加后,不利于降低噪声与润滑油消耗。头部锥度由0.14mm降低到0.1mm,有助于降低活塞二阶运动幅度,也可降低润滑油消耗。活塞销孔高度由原结构降低到39mm,活塞倾角位移峰值下降,润滑油消耗降幅4.12%,漏气量的变化较小且无规律。配缸间隙的增加,使活塞二阶运动幅度、漏气量与润滑油消耗均增加。(2)活塞顶环表面型线对润滑油消耗的影响主要取决于环的梯形角度与上端缩减量。二环工作面锥度为1°时润滑油消耗最小,刮油刃厚度增加后润滑油消耗也增加。油环刮油刃厚度对润滑油消耗的影响最大,其增幅最大达20.26%。三道活塞环切向弹力取24N、18N、50N时,润滑油消耗降低2.58%。不同活塞环结构对活塞环运动的影响最大相同点在于,在活塞上止点换向或者下止点换向时,活塞环的径向位移产生较明显的变化。(3)活塞第一环槽下边缘倒角从0.1 mm增加到0.5mm,漏气量急剧增加,增幅达63.62%。三道活塞环闭口间隙中,顶环闭口间隙对漏气量的影响最大,间隙从0.4mm增加到0.7mm,漏气量增加21.35%。而第二、第三环岸间隙以及三道环槽的深度对漏气量的影响较小。
[Abstract]:With the development of engine towards high speed, high load, low fuel consumption and low emission, the performance requirements of engine components are becoming more and more stringent. Piston ring is the key part of engine. Its performance directly affects engine power, economy and emission. The study of the dynamic characteristics of piston ring can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of diesel engine structure design. Taking the piston assembly of a four-cylinder diesel engine as the research object, the dynamics of the piston group is analyzed with the help of AVL EXCITE PistonRing software. The research work is mainly carried out from the following aspects: firstly, the dynamic model of the piston assembly is established. The results are compared with the experimental results to provide the foundation for the subsequent simulation. Secondly, the influence of piston skirt structure, head taper, pin hole position and cylinder clearance on the second order motion of piston and its influence on piston ring motion characteristics are studied. The variation law of lubricating oil consumption and the movement of piston ring under different piston ring structure and performance are studied again. Finally, the influence of piston ring bank structure and ring closure clearance on gas leakage is studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the inclination angle of piston is reduced by 18.18% and the lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 36.60% because the convex point of piston skirt is moved up by 16mm 8mmm. The reduction of the upper end of the piston skirt is not conducive to the reduction of noise and lubricating oil consumption. The head taper is reduced from 0.14mm to 0.1 mm, which helps to reduce the second order motion amplitude of the piston and reduce the lubricating oil consumption. The height of the piston pin hole was reduced from the original structure to 39 mm, the peak displacement of the piston angle decreased, the consumption of lubricating oil decreased by 4.12 and the gas leakage rate changed slightly and irregularly. With the increase of cylinder clearance, the second-order motion amplitude, air leakage and lubricating oil consumption of piston are increased. (2) the influence of piston top ring surface profile on lubricating oil consumption mainly depends on the trapezoidal angle of the ring and the upper end reduction. When the taper of the second ring face is 1 掳, the consumption of lubricating oil is the least, and the consumption of lubricating oil is also increased when the thickness of the blade is increased. The oil ring blade thickness has the greatest influence on the oil consumption, and the biggest increase is 20.26%. The lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 2.58 when the tangential elasticity of the three piston rings is 24Nm 18Nm 50N. The most common effect of different piston ring structures on piston ring motion is that, when the piston is up-and-down commutating, The radial displacement of the piston ring changes obviously. (3) the chamfering angle of the lower edge of the first ring groove of the piston increases from 0. 1 mm to 0. 5 mm, and the gas leakage increases sharply, with an increase of 63.62 mm. In the three-channel piston ring closing clearance, the top ring closure gap has the greatest influence on the leakage rate, the gap increases from 0.4mm to 0.7 mm, and the leakage volume increases by 21.35 mm. Second, the third annulus clearance and the depth of the third ring trough have little effect on the leakage rate.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK421
本文编号：2380346
[Abstract]:With the development of engine towards high speed, high load, low fuel consumption and low emission, the performance requirements of engine components are becoming more and more stringent. Piston ring is the key part of engine. Its performance directly affects engine power, economy and emission. The study of the dynamic characteristics of piston ring can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of diesel engine structure design. Taking the piston assembly of a four-cylinder diesel engine as the research object, the dynamics of the piston group is analyzed with the help of AVL EXCITE PistonRing software. The research work is mainly carried out from the following aspects: firstly, the dynamic model of the piston assembly is established. The results are compared with the experimental results to provide the foundation for the subsequent simulation. Secondly, the influence of piston skirt structure, head taper, pin hole position and cylinder clearance on the second order motion of piston and its influence on piston ring motion characteristics are studied. The variation law of lubricating oil consumption and the movement of piston ring under different piston ring structure and performance are studied again. Finally, the influence of piston ring bank structure and ring closure clearance on gas leakage is studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the inclination angle of piston is reduced by 18.18% and the lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 36.60% because the convex point of piston skirt is moved up by 16mm 8mmm. The reduction of the upper end of the piston skirt is not conducive to the reduction of noise and lubricating oil consumption. The head taper is reduced from 0.14mm to 0.1 mm, which helps to reduce the second order motion amplitude of the piston and reduce the lubricating oil consumption. The height of the piston pin hole was reduced from the original structure to 39 mm, the peak displacement of the piston angle decreased, the consumption of lubricating oil decreased by 4.12 and the gas leakage rate changed slightly and irregularly. With the increase of cylinder clearance, the second-order motion amplitude, air leakage and lubricating oil consumption of piston are increased. (2) the influence of piston top ring surface profile on lubricating oil consumption mainly depends on the trapezoidal angle of the ring and the upper end reduction. When the taper of the second ring face is 1 掳, the consumption of lubricating oil is the least, and the consumption of lubricating oil is also increased when the thickness of the blade is increased. The oil ring blade thickness has the greatest influence on the oil consumption, and the biggest increase is 20.26%. The lubricating oil consumption is reduced by 2.58 when the tangential elasticity of the three piston rings is 24Nm 18Nm 50N. The most common effect of different piston ring structures on piston ring motion is that, when the piston is up-and-down commutating, The radial displacement of the piston ring changes obviously. (3) the chamfering angle of the lower edge of the first ring groove of the piston increases from 0. 1 mm to 0. 5 mm, and the gas leakage increases sharply, with an increase of 63.62 mm. In the three-channel piston ring closing clearance, the top ring closure gap has the greatest influence on the leakage rate, the gap increases from 0.4mm to 0.7 mm, and the leakage volume increases by 21.35 mm. Second, the third annulus clearance and the depth of the third ring trough have little effect on the leakage rate.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK421
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