法国新能源政策及影响（1990-2015）
发布时间：2019-02-28 21:05
【摘要】：法国是一个传统能源(石油、煤炭、天然气)极为稀缺的国家,为了降低其能源的对外依存度,法国自上世纪70年代起,便开始大力发展核电技术,提高核电发电能力,目前以75%左右的核电发电量成为世界第一核电大国。尤其在1997年《京都议定书》生效后,法国需在协议生效期间维持其碳排放水平稳定,鉴于其发电量主要来自非化石能源,因此法国自《京都议定书》后便在除电力行业外的其他领域,如绿色建筑和交通系统中,进行低碳发展,因而法国整个社会的低碳发展进程自上世纪末期就蓬勃展开。然而自日本福岛核危机之后,法国、德国、英国等欧洲国家开始重新制定其新能源政策。同时,法国民众对核电站与水电站的生态环境影响日益关切,这也使得法国政府和政策制定者计划对法国的能源结构进行大幅调整。法国于2015年9月正式通过了《绿色发展能源过渡法》(Projet de loi relative a la transition energetique pour la croissance verte),其中规定,核电发电量需在未来10年之内锐减20%,同时大力发展太阳能、风能等可再生能源。在欧盟层面,欧盟委员会于2007年提出了《可再生能源路线图》(Renewable Energy Road Map),为各成员国新能源发展和能源行业低碳减排制定了纲领,规定各成员国应根据实际情况采取适当措施并制定切实的发展目标。本文作者对1990年至2015年法国国内的新能源政策,尤其是能源转型政策进行了梳理,同时对这期间法国新能源政策的国内影响及其在欧盟层面的影响进行阐述。在法国国家层面,本文主要就新能源政策对法国电力结构转型的影响作出分析。由于法国是欧盟的核心成员国之一,因此在欧盟层面,文章也对欧盟层面的相关政策进行了概述,通过与法国国家政策的制定路线相比较,可以从中发现两者的关联性及相互影响。综上所述,本文将试图发现法国1990年至今的新能源政策的制定对国内以及欧盟层面的影响与作用,发现其中的成功经验和存在的问题。为分析法国的新能源政策及具体目标,本文主要对法国的政策制定过程、1990年以来法国通过的主要相关政策方案、具体政策目标进行了梳理。在分析相关政策对法国国内的影响时,文章主要以法国国内的电力行业所受到的影响为主,同时浅析了其他社会影响。在欧盟层面,法国国内的能源政策的制定也对欧盟产生一定的影响,本文主要通过对比两者的政策路线图对此进行体现。未来法国新能源政策将如何发展,还将受到多重因素的影响,经济因素是制约其大力发展可再生能源的关键因素。除此之外,法国国内社会问题,例如失业、难民危机等都或将影响到法国能否在2030年或2050年实现其能源转型目标。本文仅就法国新能源政策对法国国内的能源行业以及欧盟政策制定的影响作了分析,未来更深入和细致的研究可以从更广泛和更深入的层面展开,或可以分析两种因素或多种因素之间的互动和相互作用,这些可为政策制定者提供一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:France is a very scarce country for traditional energy sources (oil, coal, and natural gas). In order to reduce the external power of its energy, France has started to develop nuclear power technology to improve the power generation capacity of nuclear power since the 1970s. At present, about 75% of the nuclear power generation is the first nuclear power of the world. In particular, following the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, France needs to maintain its carbon emission level stable during the entry into force of the Agreement and, in view of the fact that its electricity generation is mainly from non-fossil energy sources, France has been in other areas, other than the power industry, since the Kyoto Protocol, As a result of the low-carbon development in the green building and transportation system, the low-carbon development process of the whole society in France was booming since the end of the last century. However, after the Fukushima nuclear crisis in Japan, European countries, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, have begun to reformulate their new energy policies. At the same time, the French population is increasingly concerned about the ecological environment of the nuclear power plant and the hydropower station, which has also led to a significant adjustment of the French energy structure by the French Government and the policymakers. In September 2015, France formally adopted the Green Development Energy Transition Act, which stipulates that the power generation of nuclear power should be reduced by 20% in the next 10 years, and the renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy will be vigorously developed. At the EU level, the European Commission introduced the Renewable Energy Road Map in 2007 to develop an agenda for the low-carbon emission reduction in the new energy development and energy sectors of member States, and states that Member States should take appropriate measures and develop effective development goals in line with the actual circumstances. In this paper, the author sorts out the new energy policy in France from 1990 to 2015, especially the energy transformation policy, and expounds the domestic influence of the French new energy policy and its influence on the EU level during the period. At the national level of France, this paper mainly analyzes the influence of the new energy policy on the transformation of the French power structure. Since France is one of the core member states of the European Union, at the EU level, the article also provides an overview of the relevant policies at the EU level, through which the relevance and mutual influence can be found through comparison with the development route of the French national policy. To sum up, this paper will try to find out the influence and function of the new energy policy of France to the present and the EU, and find the successful experience and the existing problems. In order to analyze the new energy policy and the specific goal of France, this paper mainly focuses on the process of the policy development of France, and the major policies and objectives adopted in France since 1990 have been sorted out. In the analysis of the influence of the relevant policy on France, the paper mainly focuses on the influence of the power industry in France, and analyzes the influence of other society. At the EU level, the development of energy policy in France also has a certain impact on the European Union, which is mainly reflected in the policy road map of the two. In the future, how to develop the new energy policy in France will also be affected by multiple factors, and the economic factors are the key factors that restrict the development of renewable energy. In addition, the internal social problems of France, such as unemployment, the refugee crisis, or the like, will affect the ability of France to achieve its energy transformation goals by 2030 or 2050. This paper makes an analysis of the impact of the French new energy policy on the energy industry in France and the European Union's policy. In the future, more and more detailed research can be carried out at a wider and deeper level, or the interaction and interaction between the two factors or factors can be analyzed. These can provide a certain reference value for policymakers.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F416.2
，
本文编号：2432171
[Abstract]:France is a very scarce country for traditional energy sources (oil, coal, and natural gas). In order to reduce the external power of its energy, France has started to develop nuclear power technology to improve the power generation capacity of nuclear power since the 1970s. At present, about 75% of the nuclear power generation is the first nuclear power of the world. In particular, following the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, France needs to maintain its carbon emission level stable during the entry into force of the Agreement and, in view of the fact that its electricity generation is mainly from non-fossil energy sources, France has been in other areas, other than the power industry, since the Kyoto Protocol, As a result of the low-carbon development in the green building and transportation system, the low-carbon development process of the whole society in France was booming since the end of the last century. However, after the Fukushima nuclear crisis in Japan, European countries, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, have begun to reformulate their new energy policies. At the same time, the French population is increasingly concerned about the ecological environment of the nuclear power plant and the hydropower station, which has also led to a significant adjustment of the French energy structure by the French Government and the policymakers. In September 2015, France formally adopted the Green Development Energy Transition Act, which stipulates that the power generation of nuclear power should be reduced by 20% in the next 10 years, and the renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy will be vigorously developed. At the EU level, the European Commission introduced the Renewable Energy Road Map in 2007 to develop an agenda for the low-carbon emission reduction in the new energy development and energy sectors of member States, and states that Member States should take appropriate measures and develop effective development goals in line with the actual circumstances. In this paper, the author sorts out the new energy policy in France from 1990 to 2015, especially the energy transformation policy, and expounds the domestic influence of the French new energy policy and its influence on the EU level during the period. At the national level of France, this paper mainly analyzes the influence of the new energy policy on the transformation of the French power structure. Since France is one of the core member states of the European Union, at the EU level, the article also provides an overview of the relevant policies at the EU level, through which the relevance and mutual influence can be found through comparison with the development route of the French national policy. To sum up, this paper will try to find out the influence and function of the new energy policy of France to the present and the EU, and find the successful experience and the existing problems. In order to analyze the new energy policy and the specific goal of France, this paper mainly focuses on the process of the policy development of France, and the major policies and objectives adopted in France since 1990 have been sorted out. In the analysis of the influence of the relevant policy on France, the paper mainly focuses on the influence of the power industry in France, and analyzes the influence of other society. At the EU level, the development of energy policy in France also has a certain impact on the European Union, which is mainly reflected in the policy road map of the two. In the future, how to develop the new energy policy in France will also be affected by multiple factors, and the economic factors are the key factors that restrict the development of renewable energy. In addition, the internal social problems of France, such as unemployment, the refugee crisis, or the like, will affect the ability of France to achieve its energy transformation goals by 2030 or 2050. This paper makes an analysis of the impact of the French new energy policy on the energy industry in France and the European Union's policy. In the future, more and more detailed research can be carried out at a wider and deeper level, or the interaction and interaction between the two factors or factors can be analyzed. These can provide a certain reference value for policymakers.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F416.2
，
本文编号：2432171
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