金州湾表层沉积物污染物特征及生态风险分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 23:11

本文关键词：金州湾表层沉积物污染物特征及生态风险分析　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,伴随我国东部沿海地区经济的迅速发展和人民生活生产方式的不断改变,东部沿海地区海域污染情况日渐严重。历史上金州湾东侧和北侧沿岸主要以养殖业为主,南侧沿岸毛茔子地区为大型垃圾填埋场,而近年来,金州湾沿岸及中部的功能已经由传统的养殖业逐渐转变为现代服务业和空港物流产业,金州湾人民生活生产方式也随之改变。各项生活生产活动产生的大量污染物流入近海海域,对海洋环境的压力不断加大,金州湾海域海洋环境必将产生一定的变化。污染物流入近海海域后迅速转移到颗粒态中,进而在海底表层沉积物中富集,使表层沉积物成为比水介质具有更强概括性、稳定性、作用持久性和分布规律的监测要素,对区域环境质量状态和趋势具有指示作用。因此有必要对金州湾海域表层沉积物污染情况进行分析研究,进而为日后金州湾的监测治理以及沿岸产业的发展规划提供参考,为该海域的环境保护和海洋环境可持续利用提供数据支持。本文在对金州湾自然环境概况和社会环境概况进行调查整理的基础上,利用2009年、2011年和2013年金州湾海域表层沉积物采样样品分析得出,金州湾海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg 5种重金属以及石油类、有机碳和硫化物的含量数据。利用ArcGis等软件分析了金州湾表层沉积物中典型污染物的时空分布特征。研究结果表明,金州湾海底表层沉积物的污染物时空变化趋势受到其地理位置、海流、地质、入海径流、气候及岛屿等多方面自然因素的影响。除自然因素以外,还可能与人类活动以及当地经济发展水平有着密切的关系。金州湾表层沉积物典型污染物含量总体上呈现出南岸高于北岸,湾底高于湾口的特点。2013年Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、有机碳以及硫化物的含量均明显高于2009年和2011年；Hg的含量在2009年至2011年间有较大幅度的降低,在2011年至2013年间则基本保持稳定；石油类的含量从2009年至2011年有所增长,而至2013年则又大幅度降低。重金属中Cd和Hg潜在生态风险等级为中等至较高,Cu、Pb和Zn的潜在生态风险等级较低。此外,本文分别采用标准指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对金州湾海域表层沉积物质量及重金属污染潜在生态风险进行评价。采用标准指数法对2013年调查的表层沉积物污染物污染程度进行评价,结果显示金州湾海底表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、 Cd、Hg、石油类、有机碳和硫化物均符合《海洋沉积物质量》GB18668-2002一类沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量良好。各污染物污染程度顺序为：Cu有机碳硫化物CdZnPb石油类Hg。根据金州湾沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价结果,各站位沉积物中Cu, Pb和Zn单项污染物潜在生态风险因子均远小于40,单项污染物潜在生态风险等级较低；Cd在各站位的单项污染物潜在生态风险等级为中等至较高；Hg的单项污染物潜在生态风险因子属于较高风险等级。各调查站位综合生态风险指数介于138.89～265.87之间,平均值为185.24,属于中等至较高潜在生态风险等级。从空间分布上来看,金州湾南岸以及湾底的沉积物重金属潜在生态风险指数要大于北侧沿岸,海湾中部以及湾口处潜在生态风险指数相对较低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the rapid development of the eastern coastal areas and the continuous change of people's life and production mode, the pollution of the coastal waters in the eastern coastal area is becoming more and more serious. The history of the Gulf of Jinzhou to the East and north along the South Coast mainly in aquaculture industry, Maoyingzi area for large-scale landfill, and in recent years, the Gulf of Jinzhou and the central function has changed from the traditional culture gradually transformed into modern service industry and airport logistics industry, the Gulf of Jinzhou people's life mode of production has changed. A large number of pollutants produced by various production and production activities flow into the offshore waters, and the pressure on the marine environment is increasing. The marine environment in the Jinzhou Bay area is bound to change. After the rapid transfer of contaminants into the coastal waters to the particulate, then in seafloor sediments enriched in surface sediments has become the key element of monitoring more generality, stability, durability and function distribution than water medium, could indicate the status and trend of regional environmental quality. So it is necessary to analyze the pollution in sediments of Jinzhou Bay, and for days after the Gulf of Jinzhou coast and the monitoring and control of industrial development planning, to provide data support for environmental protection and sustainable utilization of the waters of the marine environment. Based on the investigation of the consolidation on the natural environment and social environment of the Jinzhou Bay survey, the sample by 2009, 2011 and 2013 in surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay of Jinzhou Bay surface sediments in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg 5 kinds of heavy metals and petroleum, organic carbon and sulfide content data. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of typical pollutants in the surface sediments of Jinzhou bay were analyzed by using ArcGis and other software. The results show that the temporal and spatial variation trend of pollutants in the surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay is affected by many factors, such as geographical location, current, geology, sea runoff, climate and islands. In addition to natural factors, it is likely to have a close relationship with human activities and the level of local economic development. The typical pollutant content of the surface sediments in the Jinzhou Bay shows that the south bank is higher than the north bank and the bottom of the bay is higher than the mouth of the bay. In 2013 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, organic carbon and sulfide content were significantly higher than that in 2009 and 2011; the content of Hg decreased significantly during the period from 2009 to 2011 between 2011 and 2013 is stable; the oil contents from 2009 to 2011 increased, the 2013 is also greatly reduced. The potential ecological risk levels of Cd and Hg in heavy metals were medium to high, and the potential ecological risk levels of Cu, Pb and Zn were lower. In addition, the standard index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the quality of surface sediments and potential ecological risk of heavy metals pollution in Jinzhou Bay. Evaluation using the standard index method on 2013 survey of surface sediment contamination degree, results showed that the surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay Subsea in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, oil, organic carbon and sulfide are in line with the "marine sediment quality" GB18668-2002 a kind of sediment quality standard, sediment quality. The pollution level of each pollutant is Cu organic carbon sulfide CdZnPb petroleum Hg. According to the heavy metals in the sediments of Jinzhou Bay ecological risk assessment results, the sediments in Cu, the potential ecological risk factor of Pb and Zn single pollutant is far less than 40, the potential ecological risk level of single pollutant is low; Cd in all stations single pollutant potential ecological risk level is moderate to high potential ecological risk factor; single pollutant Hg belong to a higher level of risk. The comprehensive ecological risk index of each survey station is between 138.89 and 265.87, with an average of 185.24, which belongs to the medium to high potential ecological risk grade. From the spatial distribution, the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the sediments of the south coast of Jinzhou Bay and the bottom of the bay is larger than that on the northern coast, and the potential ecological risk index is relatively low in the middle part of the Bay and at the mouth of the bay.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X826

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