近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 05:08

  本文关键词：近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 近岸海域 空间资源利用 辅助决策系统 数值模拟自动化 环境影响评价

【摘要】：近岸海域空间资源利用作为海洋资源开发利用的一个重要内容,为海洋经济和沿海地区社会经济发展做出了重要的贡献。然而,近岸海域空间资源利用活动对海洋生态、环境、资源的影响也是不容忽视的。多年来,长期、大规模的近岸海域空间资源利用活动造成海洋环境持续恶化,严重制约了沿海区域的可持续发展。2015年全国海洋工作会议中明确指出海洋综合管理工作的重要性和紧迫性,强调加强对海洋开发利用活动的管控能力。海洋管理决策系统借助GIS技术的空间数据管理优势和空间决策支持技术解决复杂空间问题的能力,成为海洋综合管理和决策的有力工具。现有的海洋管理决策系统更多地关注海洋资源和环境信息的管理和基于海洋信息的统计与决策,侧重于海洋生态环境的管理和风暴潮、溢油等突发事件的预警,忽略了服务于近岸海域空间资源利用活动的海洋管理决策系统研究。同时,现有的管理决策系统中普遍采用预置静态数值模型的方法,仅能开展固定计算域和网格系统的数值模拟和分析,不具有响应岸线、地形等海洋环境变化进行动态建模和模拟分析的能力,在一定程度上制约了系统的应用和发展。鉴于海洋综合管理的需求和现有海洋管理决策系统中存在的不足,本文开展基于WebGIS的近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统研究,探讨了近岸海域空间数据库的构成、动态响应海洋环境变化的海洋数值模拟自动化方法、近岸海域空间资源利用海洋环境影响评价方法等,集成了一个通用的近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统。本文的主要研究内容和成果如下：(1)为了满足海洋综合管理及近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策的需求,在系统分析决策系统建设目标的基础上,对系统的功能体系与决策流程进行设计,提出基于WebGIS的近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统的框架,详细探讨了系统的构成。(2)针对近岸海域空间数据的特点,提出基于地理本体的近岸海域空间数据组织方法。兼顾对海洋数值模拟结果及评价结果数据的管理,确定近岸海域空间数据库结构。并将该方法应用于宁波近岸海域空间数据组织中,建立宁波近岸海域空间数据库,为特定近岸海域空间资源利用决策辅助系统提供数据支持。(3)构建基于Web GIS的海洋数值模拟自动化的具体方法。在传统海洋数值模拟方法的基础上,实现了动态响应基于客户端浏览器页面新工程和边界定义的海洋数值模拟从建模、模拟到结果处理、分析全过程的完全自动化。并在此基础上建立了基于FVCOM模型的水动力泥沙自动化模型和污染物输移扩散自动化模型。海洋数值模拟自动化方法是近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统的核心技术之一,弥补了现有海洋管理决策系统中预置静态模型的不足。(4)针对近岸海域空间资源利用活动对海洋水动力泥沙环境的影响,发展了一种基于FCM模型的岸线改造工程海洋环境影响评价方法。该方法通过对大量样本数据的智能学习,发现水动力泥沙环境参数之间的因果关系及相互影响程度,建立具有最佳关联矩阵的海洋环境影响FCM评价模型。将水动力泥沙数值模型与FCM评价模型结合,以数值模拟结果在FCM模型中的输出值作为岸线改造工程对海洋环境影响的最后评价结果,进而确定海洋环境影响评价等级。由于考虑了水动力泥沙环境指标之间的因果关系和不同指标对评价结果的不同贡献,评价结果相对于规范法(综合评价法)而言更具科学性和可靠性。该方法可以用于近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统,评价新增岸线改造工程对海洋环境的影响。(5)针对海水水质评价的模糊性,开展基于Critic-Cloud模型的海水水质评价方法研究。通过Critic客观赋权法求解水质因子组合权重,分别建立区域个体云评价模型和区域整体云重心模型,构建海水水质从个体评价到整体评价的操作过程。由于隶属度云的随机性和模糊性特点,基于Critic-Cloud模型的海水水质评价结果与可变模糊评价模型和规范法(单因子评价法)的评价结果相比更为合理。同时,该方法可以与污染物输移扩散数值模型结合,并在基于Web GIS的近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统中集成,利用数值模拟结果,动态评价新增城市污水排海工程对海水水质环境的影响。(6)针对宁波近岸海域空间资源利用现状和海洋综合管理需求,在基于Web GIS的近岸海域空间资源利用辅助决策系统的基础上,建立宁波海域海洋管理辅助决策系统。应用宁波海域海洋管理辅助决策系统对象山港海域空间资源利用活动对海洋环境的累积影响进行研究,对比不同单一填海工程及多填海工程对海洋水动力泥沙环境影响,得出影响评价结论。研究表明,宁波海域海洋管理系统可以对近岸海域空间资源利用活动引起的海洋环境变化进行快速、准确的预测和评价。该系统己投入实际应用,并取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:The utilization of offshore resources as an important part of the development and utilization of marine resources has made important contributions to the marine economy and the social and economic development in the coastal areas. However, the impact of the use of space resources on the marine ecology, environment and resources can not be ignored. Over the years, the long-term and large-scale utilization of space resources in coastal waters has caused the continuous deterioration of the marine environment, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the coastal areas. In 2015, the national marine work conference clearly pointed out the importance and urgency of marine integrated management, and emphasized the control and control ability of marine development and utilization activities. Marine management decision making system, with the help of GIS's advantages of spatial data management and spatial decision support technology to solve complex spatial problems, has become a powerful tool for integrated marine management and decision-making. Marine management decision system of the existing pay more attention to marine resources and environment information management and statistics and decision of ocean information based on management and storm focused on marine ecological environment, the tide of oil spill emergency warning, ignoring the service in the coastal waters of the use of space resources of marine management system activities. At the same time, the method of numerical model is widely used in preset static management decision-making system in the existing numerical simulation and analysis can only be carried out in fixed computational domain and grid system, do not have the ability of dynamic modeling and simulation analysis of terrain, ocean shoreline response to changes in the environment, to a certain extent restricts the application and development of the system. The shortcomings existing in the comprehensive marine management requirements and the existing marine management decision system, this paper carried out research on assistant decision system using WebGIS coastal space resources based on coastal spatial database structure, the dynamic response of marine environment changes in ocean numerical simulation automation method, coastal space resource utilization of marine environmental impact assessment method so, the integration of a general coastal space resource utilization decision support system. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) in order to meet the needs of decision making use of space resources comprehensive management of marine and coastal waters, based on system analysis and decision system construction goal, the function of the system system and decision-making process of the design, proposes a framework of decision support system using WebGIS based on spatial resources in coastal waters the structure of the system is discussed in detail. (2) in view of the characteristics of the spatial data of the coastal waters, a spatial data organization method based on the geographical ontology is proposed. The structure of the spatial database of the coastal waters is determined by the management of the data of the marine numerical simulation and the results of the evaluation results. The method is applied to the spatial data organization of Ningbo offshore area, and the spatial database of Ningbo offshore area is established to provide data support for specific coastal area resources utilization decision support system. (3) to build a specific method of marine numerical simulation automation based on Web GIS. On the basis of traditional ocean numerical simulation method, we realized dynamic response based on client browser page new engineering and boundary definition of marine numerical simulation from modeling, simulation to result processing, and analysis of the whole process of complete automation. On the basis of this, the automatic model of hydrodynamics and sediment based on FVCOM model and the automation model of pollutant transport and diffusion are established. The ocean numerical simulation automation is one of the core technologies of the auxiliary decision system for the utilization of offshore space resources, which makes up for the shortage of the preset static model in the existing ocean management decision system. (4) in view of the influence of coastal space resources utilization activities on marine hydrodynamic and sediment environment, a marine environmental impact assessment method based on FCM model is developed. Through the intelligent learning of a large number of sample data, this method finds out the causal relationship and the degree of mutual influence between the hydrodynamic and sediment environmental parameters, and establishes FCM evaluation model of marine environmental impact with the best correlation matrix. The hydrodynamic sediment numerical model is combined with the FCM evaluation model. The output value of the numerical simulation results in the FCM model is used as the final evaluation result of the coastal reconstruction project's impact on the marine environment, and then the marine environmental impact assessment grade is determined. Considering the causality between hydrodynamic and sediment environmental indicators and the different contributions of different indicators to the evaluation results, the evaluation results are more scientific and reliable than the standard method. The method can be used to use the auxiliary decision-making system for the utilization of space resources in coastal waters to evaluate the impact of the new shoreline transformation project on the marine environment. (5) in view of the fuzziness of water quality evaluation, the study of water quality evaluation method based on Critic-Cloud model is carried out. The objective weight method is used to solve the combined weight of water quality factors. The regional individual cloud evaluation model and the whole cloud gravity center model of Critic are established respectively, and the operation process of seawater quality evaluation from individual to the whole is established. Due to the randomness and fuzziness of membership cloud, the evaluation results of sea water quality based on Critic-Cloud model are more reasonable than those of variable fuzzy evaluation model and standard method (single factor evaluation method). At the same time, the method can be combined with the numerical model of pollutant transport and diffusion, and is integrated in the Web GIS based auxiliary decision system for the utilization of space resources in coastal waters. With the help of numerical simulation results, we can dynamically evaluate the impact of the new urban sewage discharge project on the seawater quality and environment. (6) in view of the current situation of Ningbo coastal sea area resources utilization and the demand of integrated marine management, based on Web GIS's auxiliary decision system of coastal area's space resources utilization, the auxiliary decision system of Ningbo sea area's marine management is established. Application of auxiliary decision-making system for marine management in Ningbo sea area to the Xiangshan harbor sea
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P74
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本文编号：1344674