围填海对渤海湾海岸带景观格局演变的遥感研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 23:22

本文关键词： LUCC 景观指数海岸带湿地围填海　出处：《中国科学院研究生院（东北地理与农业生态研究所）》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：渤海湾海岸带地区是我国经济最发达且发展速度较快的区域之一，具有极其重要的经济地位。但由于快速发展的经济，当地的景观格局发生了巨大的变化，生态多样性和稳定性遭到破坏。而围填海活动与之有着密切联系，尤其对海岸带湿地有着重要的影响。为了详细了解渤海湾在改革开放以来的景观格局变化和围填海活动的相关影响，本文利用遥感解译的方法获取了研究区1980、1990、2000、2010的土地利用/土地覆盖数据，以此来研究渤海湾海岸带地区的土地利用/土地覆盖变化、景观格局变化及驱动力、围填海活动及其对海岸带湿地影响。结果如下：（1）研究区耕地类型的变化非常明显，其中耕地内部类型的转换在1990-2000尤为突出，大部分水田转换为旱地，主要在于农业灌溉用水配给不足。而从该时期的养殖池面积有较大幅度增加，居工用地的增加可知，部分水被用于养殖和居民生活，使得农业灌溉用水减少。总体上，耕地的面积总体上呈现减少趋势，特别是水田面积大幅减少，大部分转化为居工用地，导致许多优质的耕地被占用。（2）研究区居工用地一直在增加，尤其是经济较为发达的城市地区，如天津、唐山、盘锦、东营。人口增加是居工用地增加的主要原因，但由于耕地受到国家保护，不能持续供给居工用地的需求，而导致了向滩涂、海域等湿地的扩展，即围填海活动的增加。而且由于缺乏相应的保护、指导等措施和建议，，大量的沼泽地、滩涂遭到了严重的破坏。（3）通过对研究区进行景观指数分析，获取了研究区各类型的格局变化。耕地整体上的优势度还在，稳定性较好，但是破碎化程度增加，优势性也在逐渐降低。居工用地面积则逐渐增加，聚合度较高，整体优势明显，并有成为主导地物类型的趋势。养殖池先是增加，后由于区域经济发展、产业变化而导致其减少，并有逐渐退化的趋势。沼泽地、滩涂等海岸带湿地不断退化，景观破碎性加大，稳定性减弱，急需相应的保护措施。（4）通过对研究区景观格局及类型的变化分析，可知，人为因子是研究区景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。农业、渔业的生产活动是海岸带湿地减少的主要因素，水田—旱地间频繁转化也来归因于农业发展的需求。而随着研究区经济活动的增多，城镇化速度加快，人口集聚，使得居工用地的需求急剧增加，从而致使其它地物类型面积减小，引起整个区域格局变化，破坏了整个区域景观的稳定性。（5）围填海活动是导致研究区景观格局变化最为重要的因素之一。主要分布在经济比较发达的城市及河口地区，包括有天津、唐山、黄河口地区。大部分的围填海活动位于滩涂和近海水域区域，主要用于养殖池、港口、居住地等。大量的围填海活动导致了海岸带湿地面积急剧减少，造成了海岸带湿地的退化，约70%的湿地缩减与其直接相关。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone of Bohai Bay is one of the most developed and fast developing regions in China, which has an extremely important economic status. However, due to the rapid development of the economy, the local landscape pattern has undergone tremendous changes. Ecological diversity and stability have been damaged, and reclamation activities are closely linked. In order to understand the landscape pattern changes of Bohai Bay since the reform and opening up and the related impact of reclamation activities. In this paper, the land use / land cover data of 1980 / 1990 / 2000 / 2010 were obtained by means of remote sensing interpretation. In order to study the land use / land cover change, landscape pattern change and driving force, reclamation activities and their impacts on coastal wetland in the coastal zone of Bohai Bay, the results are as follows: 1) the change of cultivated land type in the study area is very obvious, especially in 1990-2000, the conversion of most paddy fields into dryland. The main reason lies in the insufficient allocation of agricultural irrigation water. However, the area of aquaculture ponds has increased by a large margin during this period, and the increase of residential land shows that some of the water is used for breeding and living. On the whole, the area of cultivated land has a decreasing trend, especially the area of paddy field has been greatly reduced, most of it has been converted into residential land, resulting in the occupation of a lot of high quality cultivated land. (2) the residential land in the study area has been increasing, especially in the more developed urban areas, such as Tianjin, Tangshan, Panjin, Dongying. The increase in population is the main reason for the increase of residential land. However, because the cultivated land is protected by the state, the demand for residential land can not be sustained, which leads to the expansion of wetlands such as beach and sea area, that is, the increase of reclamation activities, and because of the lack of corresponding protection. Guidance and other measures and suggestions, a large number of marshlands, beach has been seriously damaged. Through the landscape index analysis of the study area, the pattern changes of various types in the study area are obtained. The overall dominance of cultivated land is still there, the stability is good, but the degree of fragmentation is increased. The dominance is also gradually decreasing. The area of residential land is gradually increasing, the degree of aggregation is higher, the overall advantage is obvious, and there is a trend to become the dominant type of features. The aquaculture pool first increased, then due to the development of regional economy. The wetland in the coastal zone, such as marshland, beach and so on, is degraded continuously, the landscape fragmentation is increased, and the stability is weakened, so the corresponding protection measures are urgently needed. Through the analysis of landscape pattern and type in the study area, we can see that human factor is the main driving factor of landscape pattern change in the study area. The production activity of fishery is the main factor of wetland reduction in coastal zone. The frequent transformation between paddy field and dryland is also attributed to the demand of agricultural development. However, with the increase of economic activities in the study area, the speed of urbanization accelerates. The population agglomeration makes the demand for residential land increase sharply, which results in the decrease of the area of other types of features, the change of the whole regional pattern, and the destruction of the stability of the whole regional landscape. Reclamation is one of the most important factors leading to the change of landscape pattern in the study area. It is mainly distributed in economically developed cities and estuaries, including Tianjin and Tangshan. The Yellow River estuary area. Most of the reclamation activities are located in the tidal flat and offshore waters, mainly used in aquaculture ponds, ports, settlements and so on. A large number of reclamation activities resulted in a sharp reduction of coastal wetland area. This resulted in the degradation of coastal wetland, which is directly related to about 70% of wetland reduction.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（东北地理与农业生态研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748;P901;P237

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