深海热液保真储存装置的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:19

本文选题：深海热液　切入点：储存装置　出处：《青岛科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1979年人类第一次在深度超过2000m的海水区域中发现海底热泉生物群落以来，海底热液的调查研究就成为国际上重大前沿热点研究领域之一。目前国内外已经开发了一系列的热液采样设备，这些采样设备搭载HOV（载人潜水器）或ROV（深海有缆遥控机器人）等装备就可进入海底热液口进行取样，并依靠搭载装备将采集得到的热液样品带回。在样品的培养、保藏方面，国内外也都研制出了一系列室内高温高压反应釜，实现了样品的实验室培养、分析功能。但在热液样品的储存以及样品由采样器到培养、观测设备间的转移方面，，目前都是由采样器采样后直接转移给培养、观测设备进行分析，由于热液采样设备没有长时间保温保压的措施，限制了样品的有效储存，并且此种方式不能根据后续分析设备的需要对一次热液采样样品进行较长时间间隔的多次、多种分析处理。本文针对这些问题，开展了深海热液保真储存装置的研究与设计。该装置可以对采样器采集到的样品进行较长时间保温、保压储存，同时可以根据需要将样品分时、分批转移给热液培养分析设备。本文主要研究内容如下： 1、本文通过查阅大量文献资料，对热液采样、培养分析技术及设备的现状和发展趋势进行了分析，并对其优缺点进行了探讨。在此基础上提出了本课题研究的目的及意义，确立了研究内容及技术路线。 2、对深海热液保真储存装置进行整体方案设计，确定了包括结构系统及控制系统的设计方案，并通过对样品储存机理的分析，确定了防腐、保温、保压、密封方式等保真储存技术方案。 3、对储存筒、连接器、蓄能筒、外筒等部件进行了设计，依据弹性失效准则计算了筒体尺寸，用Workbench分析模块对筒体进行了强度分析及优化设计，消除了筒底的应力集中现象。同时对活塞进行了瞬态分析，分析了其在样品的瞬间冲击下的应力应变，最后对关键零部件的强度进行了校核。 4、设计了以PLC为核心的控制系统，该系统通过安装在储存筒端部的温度、压力传感器监测样品状态，并通过显示器实时显示，同时根据反馈情况实现闭环控制，最后根据I/O点的分配编写了控制程序。 5、对该储存装置的样品转移过程进行了动态特性研究，首先通过理论计算分析了节流口内径d，节流口长度L与样品转移时间T的关系，同时用AMESim液压仿真软件对样品转移过程进行了仿真分析研究，结果表明节流口孔径对转移时间的影响较大，仿真分析结果与理论计算的结果一致。
[Abstract]:Since 1979, when humans first discovered marine hot spring biota in a sea area more than 2000m deep, The investigation and research of seafloor hydrothermal solution has become one of the most important hot research fields in the world. At present, a series of hydrothermal sampling equipments have been developed at home and abroad. These sampling equipment carry equipment such as HOV (manned submersible) or ROV (deep-sea cable remote control robot) to enter the submarine hydrothermal outlet for sampling, and rely on carrying equipment to bring back the collected hydrothermal samples. In terms of sample culture and preservation, Both at home and abroad, a series of indoor high temperature and high pressure reactors have been developed to realize the laboratory culture and analysis of samples. However, in the storage of hydrothermal samples and the transfer of samples from sampler to culture and observation equipment, At present, all samples are transferred directly from sampler to culture, and the observation equipment is analyzed. Because the hydrothermal sampling equipment does not have the measure of keeping pressure for a long time, it limits the effective storage of samples. Moreover, this method can not be used to analyze and deal with the sample in a long time interval according to the need of the subsequent analysis equipment. This paper aims at these problems. The research and design of the deep-sea hydrothermal fidelity storage device is carried out. The device can keep the samples collected by the sampler for a long time and keep the pressure in storage. At the same time, the samples can be divided into time and time according to the need. Batch transfer to hydrothermal culture analysis equipment. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. 1. Through consulting a lot of literature, the present situation and development trend of hydrothermal sampling, culture analysis technology and equipment are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. On the basis of this, the purpose and significance of this research are put forward. The research content and technical route are established. 2. The whole scheme design of deep-sea hydrothermal fidelity storage device is carried out, and the design scheme including structure system and control system is determined, and through the analysis of sample storage mechanism, the anticorrosion, insulation and pressure preservation are determined. Sealing and other true storage technology. 3. The storage tube, connector, energy storage tube and outer cylinder are designed, the size of the cylinder is calculated according to the elastic failure criterion, and the strength analysis and optimization design of the cylinder are carried out with Workbench analysis module. The stress concentration in the bottom of the cylinder is eliminated, and the transient analysis of the piston is carried out, and the stress and strain of the piston under the instantaneous impact of the sample are analyzed. Finally, the strength of the key parts is checked. 4. The control system with PLC as the core is designed. The system monitors the state of the sample through the temperature and pressure sensor installed at the end of the storage tube, and displays the state of the sample in real time through the display. At the same time, the closed-loop control is realized according to the feedback. Finally, the control program is written according to the distribution of I / O points. 5. The dynamic characteristics of the sample transfer process of the storage device are studied. Firstly, the relationship between the internal diameter d, length L of the throttle and the sample transfer time T is analyzed by theoretical calculation. At the same time, the AMESim hydraulic simulation software is used to simulate the sample transfer process. The results show that the orifice aperture has a great influence on the transfer time, and the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P742

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