塔玛亚历山大藻复合种的遗传多样性、亲缘地理关系及PSP毒素的成分分析

发布时间：2018-03-13 20:05

本文选题：塔玛亚历山大复合种　切入点：AFLP　出处：《暨南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(Alexandrium tamarense species complex)是重要的赤潮原因种之一,包括塔玛亚历山大藻(A.tamarense)、芬地亚历山大藻(A.fundyense)和链状亚历山大藻(A.catenella)。其能够产生麻痹性贝毒(PSP toxin),对生态、经济和人类健康造成了巨大的危害。塔玛亚历山大藻广泛存在于我国沿海各大海域,并曾在渤海、东海及厦门海域爆发赤潮,但各大海域塔玛亚历山大藻的遗传多样性、分化水平如何?其与世界其他海域的塔玛亚历山大藻复合种的关系如何?毒素成分有什么特征?目前均不十分清楚。本研究采用高效能的DNA指纹标记技术扩增片段长度多态性分子标记(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)对采自世界范围内不同海域的82株塔玛亚历山大藻复合种进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析,筛选出370个多态性位点。样品存在较高的遗传多样性,Nei’s遗传多样(h)在0.137~0.266之间,平均为0.186;香农指数(I)在0.190~0.408之间,平均为0.275。不同地理种群间遗传分化指数(Fst)不同,范围在0.007~0.303之间,其中东海种群与南海种群、黄渤海种群与楚科奇海种群间的遗传分化很小,分别只有0.007和0.032。不同地域种群间基因流不同,平均为1.628。Structure种群结构预测与主坐标分析(PCo A)显示,82株样品可分为4个组,其中中国黄渤海与楚科奇海种群为一组。综合以上结果,可以认为中国黄渤海塔玛亚历山大藻复合种与楚科奇海藻株同源。此外,本研究采用高效液相色谱方法对60株塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(大部分来自中国沿海)的麻痹性贝毒组分和含量进行了分析。结果显示,不同样品中毒素的组分和含量存在一定差异,麻痹性贝毒主要成分包括N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素(C1/2)、膝沟藻毒素(GTX1/4)和新石房蛤毒素(NEO),其中NEO主要存在于中国南海藻株中。平均每个细胞中毒素含量在31.81~0.02 fmol/cell,平均为7.06 fmol/cell(n=49)。每个细胞相对于STX的毒性在0.001~7.88 pg STXeq/cell之间。聚类分析表明,麻痹性贝毒含量及组分与该复合种的地理分布不存在明显的相关性。
[Abstract]:Alexandrium tamarense species complex is one of the most important species of red tide, including A. tamarenseus, A. fundyenseet, and A. catenellaa. The economy and human health have caused great harm. Alexandrium tamaratsura is widely found in the coastal waters of China, and red tide broke out in the Bohai Sea, East China Sea and Xiamen Sea, but the genetic diversity of Alexandrium tamaranopsis was observed in all the major sea areas, including the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea and Xiamen Sea. What's the level of differentiation? What is its relationship with the complex species of Alexandrium tamarensis in other parts of the world? What are the characteristics of the toxin? In this study, 82 strains of Alexandrium tamarense collected from different sea areas around the world were amplified by DNA fingerprinting technique and amplified by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs). Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure, 370 polymorphic loci were screened. The genetic diversity of Neis was between 0.137 and 0.266, with an average of 0.186.The Shannon index (I) was between 0.190 and 0.408, with an average of 0.275. The genetic differentiation index (Fstl) of different geographic populations varied from 0.0070.303 to 0.0070.303. The genetic differentiation between the East China Sea population and the South China Sea population, the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea population and the Chukchi Sea population is very small, only 0.007 and 0.032, respectively. The average of 1.628 structure population structure prediction and principal coordinate analysis (PCo A) shows that 82 samples can be divided into 4 groups, among which the populations of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and the Chukchi Sea in China are one group. It can be concluded that the composite species of Alexandrium tamaraiensis from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China are homologous to the Chukchi algae strain. In this study, the composition and content of paralytic shellfish venom of 60 strains of Alexandrium tamarensis (most of them from the coast of China) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The composition and content of toxin in different samples were different. The main components of paralytic shellfish venom include N- sulfonyl formyl toxoid C 1 / 2, gonacotoxin GTX 1 / 4) and neo, of which NEO is mainly found in southern Chinese algae strain. The average toxin content in each cell is 31.81 ~ 0.02 fmol / cell, with an average of 7.06. The toxicity of each cell to STX was between 0.001 and 7.88 PG STXeq/cell. There was no significant correlation between the content and composition of paralytic shellfish venom and the geographical distribution of the compound species.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

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