深海沉积物保压转移装置研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 07:42

本文选题：深海　切入点：沉积物　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着深海探测技术的发展,深海资源的开发价值逐渐被挖掘出来。与传统地表微生物不同,深海微生物由于长期处于极端环境,其生理结构和活动特征非常独特,在生命科学研究、工业生产、基因资源开发等等领域均有着不可估量的应用前景。与之对应的是,尚还处于发展初期的深海微生物研究设备,往往难以保证取样回来的微生物的活性,其关键难点在于保压。要在内压数十兆帕的环境进行取样操作,这无疑增加了设计的难度。本文旨在提出一套针对深海沉积物的从取样到培养釜的整体解决方案。目前,国内在沉积物取样系统,深海微生物培养系统等方面有较多研究,但是,对于如何将取样器中的沉积物样品转移的培养系统用于微生物培养的方法则介绍得很少。本文设计的深海沉积物保压转移装置可以用于解决这一问题。全文共分为六章。第一章,首先介绍了深海取样及深海微生物研究的背景知识,然后分析了国内外在深海沉积物及微生物研究方面所做出的努力,由于国内尚无成熟的深海微生物系统分析方案,亟需在保压转移设备的研制,借此提出了本课题研究的目的、意义和主要内容；第二章,简要介绍了与深海沉积物保压转移装置配套的取样器、培养系统等装置的相关信息,为确定设计目标提供了依据,然后从机械结构、液压系统和电控系统等三个方面提出了保压转移装置的总体方案；第三章,涉及到系统机电液三方面的具体计算,根据总体设计方案,从零部件的角度提出设计准则,对诸如取样筒、齿轮、齿轮条、保压筒、蓄能器、电机等一些部件进行了计算分析,同时利用有限元分析软件Ansys对部分关键部件进行校核和结构优化,实现安全性和经济性；第四章,针对机械系统提出了利用虚拟样机软件ADAMS实现对保压转移装置中机械执行机构的仿真,首先介绍了虚拟样机模型建立的方法及注意问题,然后对所建立的模型进行了运动学和动力学仿真分析,验证保压转移过程的运动规律,提供用于装置改进的参数分析；第五章,利用前述的计算结果搭建试验样机,重点介绍了其中的机械结构以及电控组件的选择,然后进行位移及子采样试验,验证该机械结构的可行性；第六章,总结与展望,概述了深海沉积物保压转移装置的研究成果,并通过指出其存在的不足对进一步的研究工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of deep-sea exploration technology, the exploitation value of deep-sea resources has gradually been excavated. Unlike traditional surface microbes, deep-sea microbes are in extreme environment for a long time, and their physiological structure and activity characteristics are very unique. In life science research, industrial production, genetic resources development and other fields, there are inestimable application prospects. In contrast, deep-sea microbiological research equipment, which is still in the early stage of development, It is often difficult to ensure the activity of sampled microorganisms, the key difficulty of which is keeping pressure. Sampling operations are carried out in an environment of tens of MPA of internal pressure. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a whole solution from sampling to culture kettle for deep-sea sediment. At present, there are more researches on sediment sampling system, deep-sea microorganism culture system and so on in our country. However, The method of how to transfer sediment samples from sampler to microorganism culture system is seldom introduced. The deep-sea sediment pressure transfer device designed in this paper can be used to solve this problem. For six chapters. Chapter one, This paper first introduces the background knowledge of deep sea sampling and deep sea microorganism research, then analyzes the domestic and foreign efforts in deep sea sediment and microorganism research, because there is no mature deep sea microbial system analysis scheme in China. Therefore, the purpose, significance and main contents of this research are put forward. In chapter 2, the relevant information of sampler and culture system matching with deep-sea sediment retention transfer device is briefly introduced. This paper provides the basis for determining the design objective, and then puts forward the overall scheme of the pressure holding transfer device from three aspects: mechanical structure, hydraulic system and electronic control system. According to the overall design scheme, the design criteria are put forward from the point of view of parts, and some parts such as sampling tube, gear, gear bar, pressure retaining cylinder, accumulator, motor and so on are calculated and analyzed. At the same time, the finite element analysis software Ansys is used to check and optimize some key components to realize security and economy. In view of the mechanical system, a virtual prototype software ADAMS is used to realize the simulation of the mechanical actuator in the pressure maintaining transfer device. Firstly, the method of establishing the model of the virtual prototype and the problems needing attention are introduced. Then the kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of the established model is carried out to verify the motion law of the pressure holding transfer process and to provide parameter analysis for the improvement of the device. In chapter 5, the experimental prototype is built using the aforementioned calculation results. The mechanical structure and the selection of electronic control components are introduced emphatically, and then the displacement and sub-sampling tests are carried out to verify the feasibility of the mechanical structure. Chapter 6, summing up and looking forward, summarizes the research results of the deep-sea sediment pressure holding transfer device. By pointing out its shortcomings, the further research work is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P715.5

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