东太平洋海隆赤道地区水温和沉积物特征对热液活动的指示分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 06:20

本文选题：海洋卫星　切入点：海水温度　出处：《成都理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文依托中国大洋协会国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”课题“东太平洋海隆硫化物成矿潜力与资源环境评价”,研究了位于东太平洋赤道地区的Galapagos扩张中心以及Quebrada(奎布拉达)板块附近的热液活动区的水温与沉积物特征,以水温特征以及沉积物中生物与岩石碎屑特征来探讨该区的热液活动环境。本文结合海洋卫星(Argo剖面数据)提供的海水上层水温并基于2005年9月环球航次中利用电视抓斗获取的17A-EPR-TVG5沉积物样,以及2009年21航次、2011年7月“大洋一号”环球航次采用电视抓斗获取的沉积物样品21III-S9-TVG5与样品22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5为研究对象,利用扫描电子显微镜与X射线能谱分析相结合的方法,对样品中的矿物颗粒以及存在的生物碎屑的形貌特征进行观察,并对其进行成分分析,形成了系统的研究,探讨了沉积物中生物及矿物和海水温度的相关性,解释了热液活动区的地球物理学、沉积学及生物学特征。通过研究得出下列结论:(1)结合海洋卫星(Argo剖面数据)提供的海水上层水温数据发现17A-EPR-TVG5与22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5两个沉积物附近水温在800m左右处存在正异常,推测是受附近热液区的影响。(2)对东太平洋海隆3个站位表层沉积物样品中生物样品的观测分析,样品中以生物组分为主,共鉴定出2类有孔虫、5类硅藻,以及大量放射虫与少量浮游生物,大量的生物组成是热液区生物的特点之一。且从生物保存的完整性上可以推测,在生物沉降到海底的过程中,只有缓慢流动的深部洋流,波浪基本上不起作用,这也是深海与半深海环境的特点,水体平静。(3)沉积生物包括有孔虫、硅藻、放射虫以及少量浮游生物,其中有孔虫鉴定出2个属、硅藻5个属,以栖息环境来看,主要是浮游种类,其次是底栖种类。(4)了解了样品所在的热液活动环境是:水深在2000米左右,属于深海/半深海环境;处于快速扩张的洋中脊区,扩张速率约为127mm/a。(5)海洋沉积物的来源概况分为三类:陆源、海洋组分以及火山作用形成的火山碎屑。研究区属于深海沉积环境,且远离大陆边缘,因此缺少陆源物质,生物作用占主要地位。
[Abstract]:This paper relies on the investigation and development of Comra's international sea area resources "the 12th Five-Year Plan" project, "Evaluation of metallogenic potential and resources and environment of seamounts sulphide in the East Pacific Ocean".The characteristics of water temperature and sediment in the Galapagos spreading center located in the equatorial region of the eastern Pacific and the hydrothermal active region near the Quebrada plate are studied.Based on the characteristics of water temperature and the biotic and lithoclastic characteristics of sediments, the hydrothermal active environment in this area is discussed.In this paper, the 17A-EPR-TVG5 sediment samples obtained by television grabbing during the September 2005 round the world voyage are based on the sea surface water temperature provided by marine satellite Argo profile data.And 21 voyages of 2009 and 2011 July 2011 "Ocean 1" Global Voyage using 21III-S9-TVG5 and 22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5 of sediment samples obtained by TV grab as the research object, the method of combining scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrum analysis is used.The morphological characteristics of mineral particles and bioclasts in the samples were observed, and the composition of the samples was analyzed. The correlation between the biological and mineral contents in the sediments and the temperature of seawater was discussed.The geophysics, sedimentology and biological characteristics of hydrothermal active regions are explained.By studying the following conclusions: 1) combined with marine satellite Argo profile data, it is found that there are positive anomalies in the water temperature near 17A-EPR-TVG5 and 22VI-EPR-S009-TVG5 sediments at about 800m.It is inferred that the observation and analysis of biological samples from surface sediment samples from three stations of seamounts in the eastern Pacific Ocean are affected by the nearby hydrothermal region. The samples are mainly composed of biological components, and two types of foraminifera, five classes of diatoms, have been identified.A large number of radiolaria and a small amount of plankton, a large number of biological composition is one of the characteristics of the hydrothermal zone.And from the integrity of biological preservation, it can be inferred that in the process of biological subsidence to the seabed, only the slow flow of deep ocean currents, the waves basically do not play a role, this is also the characteristics of deep-sea and semi-deep-sea environment.Sedimentary organisms include foraminifera, diatoms, radiolaria and a small amount of plankton, of which 2 genera and 5 genera of diatoms have been identified as foraminifera.The next is benthos. 4) the hydrothermal environment in which the sample is located is: the water depth is about 2000 meters, which belongs to the deep-sea / semi-deep sea environment; and it is located in the rapidly expanding mid-ocean ridge area.The source profiles of marine sediments are divided into three types: terrestrial sources, marine components, and volcanic debris formed by volcanism.The study area belongs to the deep-sea sedimentary environment and is far from the continental margin.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P736.1;P744

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