北极海洋观测浮标故障机理和服役安全性研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 18:44

本文选题：北极海洋浮标 + 传感器网络　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：北冰洋冰区能够明显的影响北极冷空气的范围以及强度,是全球气候中非常关键的组成部分。随着温室效应的逐步提升,北极海冰的面积、厚度较以往相比发生了大的变化,这将对我国甚至是全世界范围内气候产生的严重影响。因此,观察海冰范围以取得极地海冰的物理参数是进行极地气候研究的必备基础以及重要条件。根据极区的环境的地理特性,建立一个具备在恶劣环境下长期、连续、正常工作的观测系统十分必要。通过在北冰洋地区安装浮标系统,就能够实现对该地区的水文信息以及气象信息等进行低成本、低能耗、高效率的收集,从而研究这些信息之间的关系。通过搭载不同类型的传感器,极地浮标可以进行目标测量、目标感知、追踪。但由于北极地区有着非常严峻的气候条件,这对浮标通信网络路由安全性提出了更高的要求。故本文对浮标通信的失效机理进行了分析并对浮标通信安全性的提高进行了研究。本文中首先对极区浮标通信故障机理进行了介绍。其次,对国内外传感器网络安全性研究的发展进行了阐述。再次,对浮标的整体结构进行了设计,通过AQWA软件进行模拟仿真,给出了浮标体正常工作的设计参数。最后,以此为基础,本文对浮标所搭载的声学传感器网络进行了可靠性研究。由于浮标所搭载的水下声学传感器所组成的网络具有有限的带宽和功率资源的特性,地理信息路由成为了研究的首选,但地理路由中的许多迂回算法却不适用于三维水下网络拓扑结构。除此之外,生成树路由用于此类网络时可有效发现迂回路径,但该路由的有效性又很大程度上取决于预构建生成树的质量。总体而言,大多数现有生成树算法是以自上而下的方式生成树,其未考虑到网络中的可用带宽,故有可能创建出性能较差的树路由。因此,本文中提出了一种名为带宽感知路由树的新型生成树,这种生成树是以自下而上的方式构建,同时会考虑到可用带宽。模拟结果表明,相比其他生成树,带宽感知路由树的冲突凸包明显更少,路径吞吐量则更高,从而导致其在三维水下传感器网络中路由可靠性能更好,提高了浮标的服役安全性。
[Abstract]:The extent and intensity of Arctic cold air can be significantly affected by the Arctic ice, which is a key component of the global climate. With the gradual improvement of Greenhouse Effect, the area and thickness of Arctic sea ice have changed greatly compared with the previous ones, which will have a serious impact on the climate of our country and even the whole world. Therefore, observing the range of sea ice to obtain the physical parameters of polar sea ice is the essential foundation and important condition for polar climate research. According to the geographical characteristics of the polar environment, it is necessary to establish a long-term, continuous and normal operating observation system in a bad environment. By installing the buoy system in the Arctic Ocean, we can collect the hydrological and meteorological information in the region with low cost, low energy consumption and high efficiency, and then study the relationship between these information. By carrying different types of sensors, polar buoys can be used for target measurement, target sensing and tracking. However, due to the very severe climate conditions in the Arctic, this puts forward higher requirements for the routing security of buoy communication networks. Therefore, the failure mechanism of buoy communication is analyzed and the improvement of buoy communication security is studied in this paper. In this paper, the fault mechanism of pole buoy communication is introduced. Secondly, the development of sensor network security research at home and abroad is described. Thirdly, the whole structure of the buoy is designed, and the design parameters of the normal operation of the buoy are given through the simulation of AQWA software. Finally, the reliability of acoustic sensor network based on buoy is studied. Because of the limited bandwidth and power resources of the underwater acoustic sensor network, geographic information routing becomes the first choice of research. However, many circuitous algorithms in geographic routing are not suitable for 3D underwater network topology. In addition, spanning tree routing can effectively find circuitous paths when it is used in such networks, but the effectiveness of this routing depends to a large extent on the quality of pre-built spanning trees. In general most existing spanning tree algorithms generate trees in a top-down manner which does not take into account the available bandwidth in the network so it is possible to create poor performance tree routing. Therefore, a new generation tree named bandwidth aware routing tree is proposed in this paper, which is constructed in a bottom-up manner, taking into account available bandwidth. The simulation results show that compared with other spanning trees, the bandwidth aware routing tree has less collision convex hull and higher path throughput, which leads to better routing reliability in 3D underwater sensor networks. Improved service safety of buoys.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH766

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