连云港海岸带土地利用变化及其生态承载力研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:41

本文选题：海岸带 + 土地利用/覆盖变化　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：海岸带是陆地与海洋相互交接的特殊地带,具有丰富的资源禀赋与优越的自然条件,是人类赖以生存和发展的重要栖息地,人类经济活动最频繁的区域,也是现代经济社会发展的前沿阵地。海岸带区域海岸带土地利用变化的方式,直接或间接的改变着海岸带潮间带的滩涂资源量和海岸带生态环境,引起海岸带诸多资源与生态过程的改变,海岸带土地利用变化对沿海城市的人类生存环境、经济建设发展等产生着重要的影响,历来备受关注。因此,加强海岸带土地利用变化及其生态承载力研究对于了解人类经济活动对海岸带生态环境变化的影响、海岸带资源可持续开发利用均具有重要的现实意义。连云港海岸位于陇海兰新铁路干线的东起点,新亚欧大陆桥的东方桥头堡。海岸带类型齐全,海岸带地貌类型复杂多样。《中国21世纪议程》明确要求把连云港建设成为连接太平洋沿岸国家和中亚地区的国际商贸中心随着连云港市域经济的快速发展及城市化进程的加快,近30年来海岸带土地开发利用活动频繁,连云港海岸带土地利用变化不断加剧。研究连云港海岸带土地利用变化及其生态承载力可以为连云港海岸带可持续开发利用提供科学依据。本研究利用连云港1987年、2002年、2007年以及2012年四个时相的TM/ETM遥感影像作为数据源,解译提取了研究区土地利用信息,建立土地利用动态数据库,对连云港海岸带近25年来土地利用变化进行过程重建模拟,通过GIS空间分析技术、景观格局分析和主成分分析等技术的综合运用,计算、模拟该区土地利用变化的时空分布特征,实现研究区土地利用变化驱动因子的定量研究,并在此基础上对土地的生态承载力进行分析,判断该时期海岸带土地利用是否合理,为连云港海岸带土地利用变化生态环境效应定量研究奠定基础。通过上述研究,具体可得出以下结论： (1)在1987～2012年这25年间,连云港海岸带的土地利用状况发生了显著变化,占据主要地位的土地利用类型是海域、盐场、建筑用地和耕地；海域面积近年来大幅减少；盐场面积波动幅度较大；建设用地面积大幅度增加,25年间共增加了278.93km2,耕地面积大幅度减少,25年间共减少了188.31km2,耕地减少的流向主要是建设用地。说明这一时期为连云港海岸带的发展期。 (2)通过景观格局变化分析,揭示了研究区25年间研究区土地利用景观类型存在较大差异,各景观之间的不均匀性增大,不稳定性增强,团聚的斑块在减少,分布趋于分散,转移较频繁,反映出人类活动对研究区土地利用影响不断加强。 (3)通过主成分分析法,把原始数据的多个指标转化成为少数几个综合指标分析社会经济因素对研究区域土地利用变化的影响,对连云港海岸带土地利用变化驱动因子进行定性、定量分析,再次证实人口和经济发展是影响土地利用变化的主要驱动力。 (4)2002～2012年,连云港市生态足迹与生态承载力供给呈反方向发展趋势,生态赤字日益严重,说明研究区海岸带土地资源利用发展模式亟需调整,需要加强生态环境建设,通过提高能源使用率,调整能源结构来控制化石能源用地规模。同时,须增加海岸带开发的科技力量投入,调整海岸带资源开发利用的产业结构,大力发展资源消耗低的服务业。
[Abstract]:Coastal zone is a special area of land and sea handover . It has rich resource endowment and superior natural conditions . It is an important habitat for human survival and development . It is the most frequent area of human economic activity , and it is also the forward position of modern economic and social development .

Along with the rapid development of the regional economy and the rapid urbanization process , the coastal zone land use change and its ecological carrying capacity can provide scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of the coastal zone of LianYungang .

Based on the analysis of GIS spatial analysis technology , landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis , this paper calculates and simulates the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of land use change in this area through the comprehensive application of GIS spatial analysis technology , landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis .

Through the above research , the following conclusions can be drawn :

( 1 ) During the 25 years from 1987 to 2012 , the land use status of the coastal zone of LianYungang has changed significantly , and the land use type occupying the dominant position is sea area , salt field , building land and cultivated land ;
The area of sea area has been greatly reduced in recent years ;
The fluctuation of the area of the salt field is large .
The land area of construction land has been greatly increased , a total of 278.93km2 has been increased over the past 25 years , the cultivated land has been greatly reduced , and a total of 188.31 km2 has been reduced in 25 years , and the flow direction of the cultivated land is mainly the construction land .

( 2 ) Through the analysis of landscape pattern change , this paper reveals that there is a great difference between the land use landscape types in the research area in the past 25 years , the non - uniformity of each landscape is increased , the instability is enhanced , the size of the reunion is reduced , the distribution tends to be scattered , the transfer is more frequent , and the influence of human activity on the land use of the study area is constantly strengthened .

( 3 ) By using principal component analysis method , multiple indexes of raw data are transformed into a few comprehensive indexes to analyze the influence of socio - economic factors on land use change in the study area .

( 4 ) In 2002 - 2012 , the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of LianYungang City are in the opposite direction , and the ecological deficit is becoming more and more serious . It is indicated that the development mode of land resource utilization in the coastal zone of the study area needs to be adjusted . The ecological environment construction needs to be strengthened . Meanwhile , the scientific and technological power input for the development of the coastal zone must be increased , the industrial structure of the exploitation and utilization of the coastal zone resources should be adjusted , and the service industry with low resource consumption is greatly developed .

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F301;P748

【参考文献】