江苏近岸海域水质变化特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 22:38

本文选题：近岸海域 + 水质评价　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,江苏省海洋经济发展迅猛,但同时也带来了海洋生态环境加剧恶化的问题,海水作为海岸带生产活动污染物的直接受纳水体,其特征的分析研究对于海洋开发活动的有效管理和海洋生态环境保护工作的开展具有重要指导意义。本研究通过江苏省近岸海域多年水质资料的对比分析,探讨近岸海域水质和富营养变化特征及时空特性。在特征分析的基础上,结合海域地形地貌特征和开发利用情况,将江苏近岸海域分为海州湾区、废黄河三角洲区、辐射沙洲区三个子区域进行污染成因的探究,得到的结论主要有： (1)无机氮、磷酸盐为现状江苏近岸海域的主要污染物。江苏近岸海域总体表现出由春季至秋季耗氧类污染减轻、营养盐类污染加重的特征。连云港近岸主要为混合型污染海域,南通近岸为营养盐类污染海域,盐城近岸则表现为由混合型污染向营养盐类污染过度的状态。江苏沿海三市近岸海域现状营养结构各不相同,连云港近岸海域由春季的“磷限制”为主逐渐转变为秋季的富营养状态占优；盐城海域均表现为富营养状态占优,秋季小部分区域表现出“氮限制”特征；南通海域由春季至秋季呈现“复合型营养状态—富营养状态为主—氮限制状态占优”的变化趋势。 (2)根据多年数据分析结果,磷酸盐与无机氮为历年江苏近岸海域主要污染物,无机氮含量总体稳定,磷酸盐浓度呈上升趋势,且增幅显著。江苏近岸海域耗氧类污染“北重南轻”,主要污染区位于连云港赣榆县近岸、灌河口至废黄河口近岸海域；营养盐类污染则表现出“南重北轻”的现象,污染最为频繁的海域分布在盐城与南通近岸海域交界处、遥望港闸至团结闸近岸海域以及启东市东侧近岸海域。连云港、南通近岸海域富营养化指数(EI值)呈上升趋势,盐城海域富营养化状况近两年总体有所好转。多年来,富营养化频发的区域主要分布于盐城东台河口至南通小洋口港近岸及如泰运河河口(如东闸)至大洋港近岸海域。“十一五”前期,江苏沿海三市N/P均偏高(与Redfield值相比),P限制性富营养化为主；近几年间,盐城与南通海域N/P呈下降趋势,盐城海域N/P降至正常水平,南通海域N/P出现低值,表现出N限制性富营养化特征。 (3)赣榆县近岸及连云、徐圩港区为海州湾的重污染区,渔业用海、交通运输用海对该区域水环境造成严重影响,加之半开阔海湾的地形特征降低了污染物扩散能力,使海州湾成为江苏近岸海域污染较为严重的区域。灌河口南侧及中山河口为废黄河三角洲区域的重污染区,灌河、中山河排污、灌河口化工园区排污及中山河口外侧滩涂排污倾倒用海对该区域水环境造成严重影响,翻身河口及扁担港口海域在海洋强动力作用下,污染不显著。新洋港口、小洋口港近岸、小庙洪尾部的东灶港、团结闸近岸及启东市东侧近岸(长江口北侧)为辐射沙洲区域的重污染区,上述区域的沿岸河口(射阳河口、新洋港、斗龙港、拼茶运河、通吕运河、通启运河、长江口北支)、交通运输用海(射阳港、洋口港、东灶港、吕四港)、排污倾倒用海(如东县洋口化工园区排污用海)对辐射沙洲区的水环境造成了严重影响。离岸区域水道-沙洲组合形成的特殊地形和水动力特征对污染物的空间分布也起着重要作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the marine economy in Jiangsu has developed rapidly, but at the same time it has also brought about the aggravation of the marine ecological environment. As a direct receiving water body, the characteristics of seawater as the direct receiving water body of the pollutants in the coastal zone are of great guiding significance for the effective management of marine development activities and the development of marine ecological environment protection.
Through the comparative analysis of the water quality data of the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province, the characteristics of water quality and eutrophication in the coastal waters and its temporal and spatial characteristics are discussed. On the basis of the characteristics analysis, the coastal waters of Jiangsu are divided into the Haizhou Bay area, the waste the Yellow River Delta region and the three radiation Sandbar Area. The main conclusions of the study are the following:
(1) inorganic nitrogen and phosphate are the main pollutants in the current coastal waters of Jiangsu. The coastal waters of Jiangsu generally show the characteristics of reducing oxygen consumption in the spring and autumn and aggravating the pollution of nutrients. The near shore of Lianyungang is mainly mixed polluted sea area, the near shore of Nantong is a marine polluted sea area, and the near shore of Yancheng is a mixed type. The state of excessive pollution to the nutrient salts.
The nutritional structure of the coastal waters of the three coastal cities of Jiangsu is different. In the coastal waters of Lianyungang, the "phosphorus restriction" in the coastal waters of Lianyungang is gradually transformed into the dominant state of eutrophication in the autumn, and the eutrophic state of Yancheng sea area is dominant, and the small part of the autumn shows the characteristics of "nitrogen restriction" in the small part of the autumn, and the Nantong sea area is presented from spring to autumn. The changing trend of "compound nutritional state - eutrophication dominated nitrogen limitation dominance".
(2) according to the results of years of data analysis, phosphate and inorganic nitrogen are the main pollutants in the coastal waters of Jiangsu, and the content of inorganic nitrogen is generally stable. The concentration of phosphate is rising, and the increase is remarkable. The oxygen consumption in the coastal waters of Jiangsu is "north to the South light", the main polluted area is located near the shore of Ganyu County, Lianyungang, and the river estuary to the waste Yellow River estuary is near. The pollution of nutrition and salt shows the phenomenon of "south to North Light". The most frequently polluted sea area is located at the junction of Yancheng and Nantong near shore waters, looking from Gangzha to the coastal waters of United sluice and the east coast of the east of Qidong.
In Lianyungang, the eutrophication index (EI value) of the coastal waters of Nantong is on the rise, and the eutrophication status in Yancheng sea area has improved in the past two years. For years, the areas of frequent eutrophication are mainly distributed in the Yancheng Dongtai estuary to the near shore of the small mouth port of Nantong and the river estuary of the Tai canal (Rudong gate) to the offshore waters of the ocean port. "11th Five-Year". In the three coastal cities of Jiangsu, N/P is high (compared with Redfield value), and P restrictive eutrophication is the main factor. In recent years, the N/P of Yancheng and Nantong sea is decreasing, the N/P of Yancheng sea area is down to the normal level, and the N/P in the Nantong sea area is low, showing the N restrictive eutrophication characteristic.
(3) Ganyu County near shore and Lian Yun, the Xu Wei port area is the heavy pollution area of the Haizhou Bay. The fishing sea, transportation and transportation sea have a serious influence on the water environment in the region. In addition, the topography characteristics of the half open bay reduce the pollutant diffusion capacity, which makes the Haizhou Bay become a more polluted area in the coastal area of Jiangsu.
The southern side of the River Estuary and the Zhongshan estuary are heavy polluted areas in the abandoned the Yellow River Delta region, irrigation River, the sewage discharge of the middle mountain and the river, the sewage of the chemical park of the River Estuary and the dumping of the seaport in the beach of Zhongshan estuary have a serious effect on the water environment in this area.
Xinyang port, near shore of small Yangkou Port, Dong Zao port in the tail of Small Temple Hong Kong, United sluice near shore and near shore of the east side of Qidong (north side of the Yangtze River) is a heavily polluted area of the radiation sandbank region. The coastal estuaries (Sheyang estuary, Xinyang port, Longgang, Tonglu canal, Tonglu canal, tongqi canal, North Branch of Changjiang estuary), transportation and transportation sea (Sheyang port) The water environment of the sewerage area (Rudong County Yankou Chemical Industrial Park) has a serious impact on the water environment in the radiation Sandbar Area. The special topography and hydrodynamic characteristics of the offshore waterway sand bank combination also play an important role in the spatial distribution of pollutants.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55

【参考文献】