人类活动影响下江苏省典型海岸带多环芳烃分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 13:46

本文选题：多环芳烃 + 沉积物　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究对江苏省典型海岸带多环芳烃分布特征进行研究,并通过来源解析探讨了其与经济发展、人口密度及土地利用方式变化等的关系来描述了人类活动影响下江苏省海岸带环境变化特征,结果表明,低环多环芳烃为该地区多环芳烃污染的重要原因。其主要来源可能与江苏省繁忙的海上交通运输产生的原油泄漏等具有重要的关系,并将海洋沉积物中多环芳烃这一典型有机污染物作为人类活动的一个重要化学指标。连云港海岸带表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量范围为3.37 ng/g~118.82 ng/g,平均值为43.28 ng/g,与国内其他海岸带多环芳烃含量相比属于较低水平。该地区多环芳烃含量较高的站点主要位于经济发达,人口密集,人类活动比较活跃的东西连岛海岸带附近,道路交通产生的汽车尾气,海上航运及捕捞船只产生的发动机引擎产生的尾气以及航运过程产生的原油泄漏等都是导致该地区多环芳烃污染的显著原因。同时生态风险评价结果表明,连云港海岸带表层沉积物中多环芳烃污染水平不会对该区域生态系统产生危害。盐城海岸带表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量范围为17.07 ng/g~4426.14 ng/g,平均值为788.75 ng/g,与国内其他海岸带多环芳烃含量相比属于较高。主要来源为石油源,但同时化石燃料燃烧以及煤炭、草木燃烧等也占有较高的比重。由于该地区海岸带在江苏省海岸带中所占面积最广,滩涂资源最为丰富,因此该地区多环芳烃污染较连云港及南通均较严重,且由于盐城地区河流广布,大量污染物通过河流携带进入到海岸带生态系统中,同时沿海大量建筑用地增加,大面积围垦,导致该地区生态环境破坏严重对污染物的降解能力减弱,这也是该地区多环芳烃污染的重要原因。生态风险评价结果表明,盐城海岸带表层沉积物中多环芳烃污染水平有部分站点二氢苊及苊含量可能会对生态系统产生潜在危害。南通海岸带表层沉积物中多环芳烃的总含量为1.4 ng/g~87.09 ng/g,平均含量为19.88 ng/g。所研究站点中萘、菲及二苯并(a,h)蒽三类多环芳烃的平均浓度最高,苊未检出。与国内外典型海湾、潮间带多环芳烃含量相比,江苏南通污染状况处于低污染水平。运用源解析法确定了南通表层沉积物中多环芳烃主要来源为化石燃料燃烧源及石油源。南通周边快速发展的经济使得大量陆源污染物随大气沉降作用直接或间接进入表层沉积物中,同时长江入海口周边各港口船舶的运输以及周边车辆的尾气排放也有可能导致多环芳烃污染的加剧。生态风险评价分析发现南通表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量对环境危害很低。选取了人类活动扰动较小的海岸带柱状样品,分析了其近三十年来多环芳烃含量变化,得出海岸带沉积物多环芳烃与能源利用、土地利用方式及经济发展等人类活动对多环芳烃污染状况有重要影响,随着经济的发展,多环芳烃含量增加明显,而人口密度增加对多环芳烃污染影响虽并不明显,但整体呈现人口增加污染加重趋势。而由于江苏省海岸带工业用地较少,土地利用主要方式为耕地、草地和其他建设用土地,因此该地区并未有较大的多环芳烃污染源,因此海上交通及低温燃烧产生的低环多环芳烃污染物在该地区占有较大的比重,可通过多环芳烃污染物的组成、含量特征及来源指示人类活动对环境变化的影响。且通过对江苏省海岸带典型柱状样中多环芳烃含量估算出整个江苏省海岸带多环芳烃通量,由此得出海岸带沉积物是多环芳烃的重要汇。本研究针对江苏省典型海岸带多环芳烃的污染问现状对江苏省海岸带污染现状提出湿地利用、植被修复、新能源利用及土地利用细化等一系列现实可行的污染治理措施,为海岸带沉积物中多环芳烃污染治理与修复提出建设化意见,为海岸带保护提供了范例。
[Abstract]:In this study, the distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the typical coastal zone of Jiangsu province were studied, and the relationship between the economic development, population density and the change of land use mode was discussed by source analysis. The characteristics of the environmental changes in the coastal zone of Jiangsu under the influence of human activities were described. The results showed that the low cyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this area. The main source of pollution may be related to the oil leakage from the busy traffic and transportation in Jiangsu Province, and the typical organic pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments are regarded as an important chemical index for human activities. The content range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of the Lianyungang coastal zone The average value of 3.37 ng/g~118.82 ng/g, with an average of 43.28 ng/g, is lower than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in other coastal zones in China. The sites with high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this area are mainly located in the economically developed, densely populated, active East and west coastal zones of the human activities, the vehicle exhaust produced by road traffic, maritime shipping and The exhaust gas produced by the engine engine produced by the fishing vessels and the oil leakage from the shipping process are all the significant causes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in this area. At the same time, the ecological risk assessment results show that the pollution level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of the Lianyungang coastal zone will not harm the ecosystem in the region. The Yancheng sea is the result of the ecological risk assessment. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of the shore zone is 17.07 ng/g~4426.14 ng/g, with an average value of 788.75 ng/g, which is higher than the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in other coastal zones. The main source is petroleum source, but the combustion of fossil fuels, coal and wood burning are also higher. The coastal zone in this area is in Jiangsu. The area of the province is the most widely used in the coastal zone and the most abundant beach resources. Therefore, the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this area is more serious than that in Lianyungang and Nantong. And because of the wide distribution of rivers in Yancheng, a large number of pollutants are carried into the coastal ecosystem through the river, while a large number of coastal construction land is increased and large area is reclaimed. The degradation ability of pollutants is weakened seriously, which is also an important cause of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in this area. The ecological risk assessment results show that the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of Yancheng coastal zone has some sites two hydrogen acabene and acabene content may have potential hazards to the ecosystem. The surface subsidence of the Nantong coastal zone The total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the product is 1.4 ng/g~87.09 ng/g, and the average concentration of naphthalene in the site of the study is 19.88 ng/g., and the average concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of phenanthrene and two benzo (a, H) anthracene is the highest, and the acacene is not detected. Compared with the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the typical Gulf and intertidal zone, the pollution of Nantong in Jiangsu is at the low pollution level. Source solution is used. The main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of Nantong are the source of fossil fuel combustion and the source of oil. The rapid development of the economy around Nantong makes a large number of terrestrial pollutants enter the surface sediments directly or indirectly with the atmospheric sedimentation, and the transport of ships around the ports around the Yangtze River entrance and the tail gas of the surrounding vehicles. The emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may also lead to the aggravation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The analysis of ecological risk assessment found that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of Nantong were very harmful to the environment. The samples of the coastal columnar with small disturbance of human activity were selected, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal sediments were changed and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal zone were obtained and the energy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal zone was obtained. Human activities such as source utilization, land use and economic development have an important influence on the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. With the development of the economy, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increases obviously, while the increase of population density is not obvious to the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but the overall trend of population increase is increasing. And the coastal industry in Jiangsu province is due to the industry. With less land use, land use is mainly cultivated land, grassland and other construction land. Therefore, there is no major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source in this area. Therefore, the low cyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced by sea traffic and low temperature combustion occupy a large proportion in this area, which can be composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, content characteristics and sources. The impact of human activity on environmental changes and the estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons flux in the coastal zone of the Jiangsu province by the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the typical columnar samples of the coastal zone of Jiangsu Province, thus the sediment of the coastal zone is an important remittance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study aimed at the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the typical sea shore zone of Jiangsu province to Jiangsu The present situation of coastal zone pollution puts forward a series of practical pollution control measures, such as wetland utilization, vegetation restoration, new energy utilization and land use refinement, and puts forward constructive suggestions for the remediation and restoration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments, and provides a example for the protection of coastal zone.

【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X55

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