石油烃暴露对文蛤和四角蛤蜊解毒指标影响的对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 04:17

本文选题：石油烃 + 文蛤　；参考：《海洋环境科学》2017年04期

【摘要】：以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)为实验对象,将其暴露于石油烃浓度分别为0.1 mg/L,0.3 mg/L,1.0 mg/L和3.0 mg/L的海水中,并于实验开始后的0、0.5 d、1 d、3 d、6 d、10 d和15 d取样,并测定其消化盲囊和鳃丝谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。实验结果显示,两种蛤各组织GST和SOD酶活性在0.1 mg/L和0.3 mg/L处理组均明显高于对照组水平(P0.05);除四角蛤蜊鳃丝GST酶活性一直被抑制外,其余两种蛤各组织酶活性在1.0 mg/L处理组都呈现先升高后被抑制的趋势;除文蛤消化盲囊SOD活性在暴露实验开始升高外,其余组织酶活性在3.0 mg/L处理组一直被抑制(P0.05)。通过比较发现四角蛤蜊GST和SOD酶活性升高率在0.1 mg/L和0.3mg/L浓度组实验前期高于文蛤,但是在后期低于文蛤,在1.0 mg/L和3.0 mg/L浓度组四角蛤蜊酶活性抑制率明显高于文蛤(P0.05)。结果表明,石油烃暴露条件下四角蛤蜊较文蛤表现更敏感,可以优先作为石油烃污染指示生物,鳃丝各指标的变化较消化盲囊明显,可以优先作为指示组织;GST和SOD酶的变化趋势具有一定一致性,以后相关研究和实践中可以将这两种指标结合测定以评价石油烃及其它有机物污染带来的风险。
[Abstract]:Meretrix Meretrix and Mactra veneriformis) were exposed to 0. 1 mg / L 0. 3 mg / L ~ (0. 3) mg / L ~ (1) mg/L and 3. 0 mg/L. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The results showed that the activities of GST and SOD in the two kinds of clams treated with 0.1 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L were significantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05), except that the GST activity of branchial filaments of clam was inhibited all the time. The enzyme activity of the other two species of clams increased first and then inhibited in the 1.0 mg/L treatment group, and the enzyme activity of the other tissues was inhibited in the 3.0 mg/L treatment group, except that the SOD activity in the digestive and blind capsule of Meretrix Meretrix began to increase in the exposure experiment. It was found that the increase rate of enzyme activity of GST and SOD was higher in the group of 0.1 mg/L and 0.3mg/L than that in the group of 0. 1 mg/L and 0.3mg/L, but lower than that of the clam at the later stage. The inhibition rate of enzyme activity in the group of 1.0 mg/L and 3. 0 mg/L was obviously higher than that of P0. 05 in the group of 0. 1 mg/L and 3. 0 mg/L. The results showed that the clam was more sensitive than Meretrix Meretrix under the condition of petroleum hydrocarbon exposure, and could be used as the indicator of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, and the change of the index of branchial filaments was more obvious than that of digestive blind sac. The change trend of GSTs and SOD enzymes can be regarded as a priority indicator. The risk of petroleum hydrocarbon and other organic pollutants can be evaluated by combining these two indexes in related research and practice.
【作者单位】：滨州学院生命科学系;滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室;中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2014CQ048)
【分类号】：X171.5;X55

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