钦州茅尾海水环境质量评价及主要污染物的分布特征

发布时间：2018-06-20 13:47

本文选题：海水环境 + 质量评价　；参考：《广西师范学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：茅尾海位于广西钦州湾内湾顶部,天然水质优良,渔业资源、海岸滩涂资源丰富。近年来,随着茅尾海的大力开发,周边地区经济的快速发展,围填海工程等增加了海洋生态的压力,粗放的围海养殖如吊养大蚝、围养经济鱼种等造成了养殖面源污染,加上上游河流钦江和茅岭江带来的泥沙和污染物排入茅尾海,使茅尾海出现水动力减弱,海域不断淤浅,海水浑浊,水质下降等问题。因此,如何有效控制海水污染,缓解生态压力,是保护海洋资源环境,实现海域合理开发使用和可持续发展的迫切需要。为了解茅尾海海水水质状况,掌握海水环境质量现状及变化趋势,评价海水环境质量,本文利用2013、2014钦州市海洋局环境监测预报中心监测数据及相关经济数据,采用单因子污染指数法,有机污染评价指数法等方法对海水环境质量进行评价,在单项污染因子评价、海水水质等级评价、海水有机污染状况评价、海水富营养化评价等的基础上进行海水环境质量综合评价,结果表明:1、茅尾海现状水体质量较差,属于重度污染海域,部分海域劣于国家四类标准,主要污染物为无机氮、磷酸盐、和石油类。2、茅尾海海域海水无机氮和活性磷酸盐浓度整体上处于较高水平,超标严重,尤以湾北部的河口区域为高值区,此外COD的高值区也集中于湾北部的三条主要河流入海的河口区域。3、茅尾海海水富营养化指数平均值为7.99,属于重度富营养,海水有机污染指数平均值为4.49,属于中度污染。针对得出的主要污染因子,分析其污染物来源和主要污染因子空间分布特征,探究产生污染原因和潜在海洋生态环境风险,提出茅尾海未来海洋开发利用和保护中应加强海洋环境管理和环境保护、控制入海的陆源污染物、监控海洋工程的使用状况、协调海水养殖与海水环境关系等相关建议,为茅尾海的可持续发展提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Maowei Sea is located at the top of Qinzhou Bay, Guangxi. In recent years, with the vigorous development of the Maowei Sea, the rapid economic development of the surrounding areas and the reclamation projects have increased the pressure on the marine ecology. Extensive aquiculture such as hoisting big oysters and farmed economic fish species has caused non-point source pollution. In addition, sediment and pollutants from the upper rivers of Qinjiang River and Maoling River are discharged into the Maowei Sea, which makes the water power weaken, the sea area continuously silt, the sea water turbid, and the water quality drop. Therefore, how to effectively control sea water pollution and relieve ecological pressure is an urgent need to protect marine resources and environment, to realize rational development and use of sea area and to achieve sustainable development. In order to understand the water quality of Maowei Sea, grasp the present situation and trend of seawater environmental quality, and evaluate the seawater environmental quality, this paper makes use of the monitoring data and related economic data of the Environmental Monitoring and forecasting Center of Qinzhou Oceanic Bureau of Qinzhou City in 20132014. The single factor pollution index method and organic pollution evaluation index method were used to evaluate the environmental quality of seawater. On the basis of eutrophication evaluation of seawater and so on, the comprehensive evaluation of seawater environmental quality was carried out. The results showed that the current water quality of Maowei Sea was poor, which belonged to the seriously polluted sea area, and some of the sea areas were inferior to the four national standards, and the main pollutants were inorganic nitrogen. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the sea water of Maowei Sea area are relatively high in the whole, which exceed the standard seriously, especially in the estuarine area of the northern bay as a high value area. In addition, the high value area of COD is also concentrated in the estuarine region of three main rivers in the northern part of the bay. The average value of eutrophication index in Maowei Sea is 7.99, which belongs to severe eutrophication, and the average value of organic pollution index of seawater is 4.49, which belongs to moderate pollution. According to the main pollution factors, the source of the pollutants and the spatial distribution characteristics of the main pollution factors are analyzed, and the causes of pollution and the potential risks of marine ecological environment are explored. It is suggested that marine environmental management and environmental protection should be strengthened in the future development, utilization and protection of Maowei Sea, the land source pollutants entering the sea should be controlled, the use of marine engineering should be monitored and the relationship between mariculture and marine environment should be coordinated, and so on. It provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of Maowei Sea.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X824;X55

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