海底管线碎石保护结构抗拖锚损害研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:00

本文选题：走锚 + 海底管线　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着陆上石油资源日渐枯竭,近海石油和天然气工业迅速发展,海底管线得到了广泛应用。但与此同时海上渔业和船舶运输业的发展,导致船舶航线与海底管线区域重叠交错,船舶抛锚和拖锚导致海底管线损伤甚至油气泄露的事故频繁发生,使得关于海底管线保护的研究迫在眉睫。保护海底管线的工程措施有很多,其中开挖倒梯形沟槽埋置管线并覆盖碎石是较为经济可行的一种,但是目前国内外对这种保护结构的保护效果和机理研究较少。本文针对三种不同质量(5.7kg、23.9kg、70.5kg)的模型锚进行了十次拖锚试验,通过水平拖动锚体在细砂中运动直至进入碎石保护结构,观察锚的运动姿态并测量锚的竖向位置和锚抓力的变化,总结出锚的一般运动过程,验证了碎石保护结构的保护效果。通过观察锚的运动过程、分析锚的受力变化,运用库伦被动土压力理论得到了碎石结构保护作用的保护机理,对锚和土的相互作用有了较深刻的理解。在模型试验基础上,运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立锚和土体模型,将土体耦合为欧拉体,模拟单一细砂和从细砂进入碎石两种工况下的拖锚过程。计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,进一步证实了碎石保护结构的保护效果,也说明这种模拟方法是可行的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the depletion of onshore oil resources and the rapid development of offshore oil and gas industry, submarine pipelines have been widely used. But at the same time, the development of marine fishery and ship transportation industry leads to the overlapping of ship route and submarine pipeline area, and the accidents of ship anchoring and towing anchor lead to submarine pipeline damage and even oil and gas leakage frequently. It is urgent to study the protection of submarine pipelines. There are many engineering measures to protect submarine pipelines, among which excavating inverted trapezoidal trench buried pipelines and covering with crushed stone is more economical and feasible. But at present, there are few researches on the protective effect and mechanism of this protection structure at home and abroad. In this paper, three kinds of model anchors with different mass (5.7kg / 23.9 kg / 70.5kg) have been tested ten times by dragging the anchors horizontally through the fine sand until they enter the gravel protection structure, observing the motion attitude of the anchors and measuring the vertical position of the anchors and the variation of the anchor force. The general motion process of anchor is summarized, and the protective effect of gravel protection structure is verified. By observing the motion process of the anchor and analyzing the force change of the anchor, the protective mechanism of the gravel structure is obtained by using the Coulomb passive earth pressure theory, and the interaction between the anchor and the soil is deeply understood. On the basis of model test, the finite element software Abaqus is used to establish anchor and soil model, and the soil is coupled to Euler body to simulate the process of dragging anchor under single fine sand and from fine sand to gravel. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which further proves the protective effect of the gravel protection structure and the feasibility of the simulation method.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P756.2

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