钱塘江河口咸潮入侵预警研究
发布时间:2018-07-13 16:10
【摘要】:河口是海洋盐水与河流淡水的交汇混合之地,容易发生盐水入侵现象。河口地区通常人口稠密、经济发达、交通便利,生活饮用水、工农业用水都对河水的氯化物含量有一定的要求,根据中国《生活饮用水水源水质标准》(CJ3020-93),饮用水水源氯化物含量应小于250 mg/L。杭州城市供水的80%以上取自钱塘江,如果适逢大潮时咸潮上溯会造成杭州市河段的南星桥、闸口、白塔岭和珊瑚沙等水厂的取水口的盐度浓度超过规定的水质标准,对杭州市区正常供水和饮用水安全造成严重威胁。本文采用数据资料方法对咸潮入侵变化进行了潮相变化分析和流量对咸潮入侵的影响的长时间序列统计分析,得出了咸潮入侵的日、月、季节和年际的变化特点和氯度随流量增大而递减的方式;采用氯度的全天超标和半天超标天数和流量的年际统计数据方法分析了流量和地形变化对咸潮入侵造成的影响。提出了采用连续小波变换分析咸潮与影响因素之间的年际和年内的尺度变化规律,及其互相影响,阐明了流量对咸潮在长时间尺度上的影响和潮汐作用对咸潮入侵在短时间尺度上的影响。通过原型观测资料分析方法得出了钱塘江河口咸潮入侵的基本变化规律和变量之间定量和定性的相关关系,这些是进一步对咸潮入侵研究的基石。针对咸潮入侵一般采用二维或三维数值模型的方法进行模拟计算时计算量比较大、需要较多的边界参数和水文数据资料,并且实际中地形边界条件是不断变化的问题。本文采用涨憩模式对钱塘江咸潮入侵时的沿程盐度分布和入侵距离进行了计算。在河床刷深前后和潮汐一定不同流量条件下对咸潮入侵进行了计算,模型计算结果表明河道的刷深变化对咸潮入侵影响很大,随着河床的加深,咸潮入侵影响会加剧;而咸潮随着流量的加大盐度会迅速减小,当流量增大的一定程度时盐度的减小不再明显。这种简单的理论模式,可以对咸潮的形成机理进行适当的解释,对未来咸潮入侵情况可进行快速的模拟,且需要的参数相对较少、计算简便可以及时地评价咸潮对取水口的影响情况,从而有利于取水口的取水方案得到提前合理安排。采用小波变换与多个NARX模型相结合(Wavelet method coupled with multi-nonliner autoregressive model with exogenous inputs, WT-mNARX)的方法针对闸口、七堡和仓前3个沿江氯度观测站点进行未来5天的氯度预测。此方法根据影响因子与关注点处氯度之间的关系进行建模,对观测点的盐度预报具有针对性。首先采用基于多分辨率分析的极大离散小波变化(Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform, MODWT)对水文数据进行多尺度分解和平稳化处理。小波分解后的J0层数据分别用来建立J0+1个NARX神经网络模型,各模型得到的预测结果加和最终得到观测点未来5天的预测盐度时间序列。不同模型的比较结果表明WT-mNARX模型的性能最好,预测盐度与实测盐度的相关关系R可以达到0.98,能够较为准确地对未来5天的盐度作出预测;泛化能力验证表明该模型的对观测域外的数据具有良好的泛化能力。WT-mNARX模型对非平稳、非线性盐度时间序列的预测结果表明:该模型可以作为非线性和非平稳时间序列预测的有效工具,可以实现对钱塘江河口盐水入侵的快速预警,对保障钱塘江河口区水源水质安全具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In this paper , the salt concentration of drinking water is more than 250 mg / L . According to the standard of water quality of drinking water in Hangzhou city , the content of water in drinking water should be less than 250 mg / L . According to the water quality standard of drinking water in Hangzhou city , the content of chloride in drinking water should be less than 250 mg / L .
In this paper , the influence of flow rate and topography on the intrusion of salty tide is analyzed by means of the annual statistical data of the daily limit of chlorine and the number of days of overproof and the annual statistical data of the flow . The influence of flow rate on the long time scale and the influence of tidal action on the intrusion of salty tide on the short time scale are analyzed .
This method can be used to establish J0 + 1 NARX neural network model . The results show that WT - mNARX model has the best performance , and the correlation between the predicted salinity and the measured salinity can reach 0.98 , which can forecast the salinity in the next five days .
The generalization ability verification shows that the model has a good generalization ability for data outside the observation area . The prediction result of the WT - mNARX model on the non - stationary and non - linear salinity time series shows that the model can be used as an effective tool for nonlinear and non - stationary time series prediction , and can realize the rapid early warning of saltwater intrusion in Qiantang River Estuary , and has important practical significance for guaranteeing the water quality safety of the water source of the Qiantang River estuary .
【学位授予单位】:浙江大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:P731.34
[Abstract]:In this paper , the salt concentration of drinking water is more than 250 mg / L . According to the standard of water quality of drinking water in Hangzhou city , the content of water in drinking water should be less than 250 mg / L . According to the water quality standard of drinking water in Hangzhou city , the content of chloride in drinking water should be less than 250 mg / L .
In this paper , the influence of flow rate and topography on the intrusion of salty tide is analyzed by means of the annual statistical data of the daily limit of chlorine and the number of days of overproof and the annual statistical data of the flow . The influence of flow rate on the long time scale and the influence of tidal action on the intrusion of salty tide on the short time scale are analyzed .
This method can be used to establish J0 + 1 NARX neural network model . The results show that WT - mNARX model has the best performance , and the correlation between the predicted salinity and the measured salinity can reach 0.98 , which can forecast the salinity in the next five days .
The generalization ability verification shows that the model has a good generalization ability for data outside the observation area . The prediction result of the WT - mNARX model on the non - stationary and non - linear salinity time series shows that the model can be used as an effective tool for nonlinear and non - stationary time series prediction , and can realize the rapid early warning of saltwater intrusion in Qiantang River Estuary , and has important practical significance for guaranteeing the water quality safety of the water source of the Qiantang River estuary .
【学位授予单位】:浙江大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:P731.34
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