利用镍钒比鉴别溢油种类

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:40

【摘要】：石油中的Ni、V元素以卟啉螯合物存在,比较稳定,在风化过程中一般不受其影响,对海上溢油的识别有重要的作用。本实验对2种燃料油和9种国内外的原油进行研究,选择坩埚-灰化法对所选用的油样经过预处理后,用F-AAS法测定油品中的镍、钒元素的浓度,计算镍钒比值。以镍钒含量及镍轨比值作为参数对11种单油相似性分析及研究短期风化对单油镍钒性质的影响,同时根据相似性结果确定重质燃料油-伊朗、重质燃料油-阿曼、轻质燃料油-科威特、阿联酋-伊拉克4组混油,研究风化前后混合油种镍钒比性质的改变。所得结论如下:(1)由相似性分析可知,单油中海相原油之间的相似系数都比较高,陆相原油之间的相似程度也比较高。而阿曼虽位于中东,但其原油表现为陆相性质,与其它中东原油的相似度稍低,和非中东陆相原油相似系数也很低。此外,大庆、马来与两种燃料油相似度高,即这两种燃料油可能是由这两种原油制成。(2)在为期一个月的风化过程中,所有单油、燃料油和混合油样的Ni/V值相对标准偏差(RSD)均在5%左右,即在整个风化过程中镍钒比值基本不变,比较稳定,抗风化能力很强,可为海上溢油鉴别提供技术支持。(3)混油的镍钒比特性与形成该混合油样的单油的镍钒比特性有关,两种海相原油的混油会表现出海相原油的特点;燃料油和海相原油的混油因混合比例的不同而表现出不同的特性,此外,每种混油的镍钒比都会随镍钒值较大的那种单油所占比例的增大而增大。(4)以混油的镍钒含量以及镍钒比为参数对每种混油聚类,结果表明,某种单油所占比例大的混油因镍、钒、Ni/V特性相似易聚为一类。在两期风化过程中,每组混合油样的聚类结果和未风化时基本相同,即镍钒比对混油的鉴别也很有效。
[Abstract]:The nio V element in petroleum exists as porphyrin chelate, which is stable and is not affected by it during weathering, which plays an important role in the identification of oil spills at sea. In this experiment, two kinds of fuel oil and nine kinds of crude oil at home and abroad were studied. After pretreating the selected oil samples by crucible and ashing method, the concentration of nickel and vanadium in oil was determined by F-AAS method, and the ratio of nickel and vanadium was calculated. Using nickel vanadium content and nickel rail ratio as parameters to analyze the similarity of 11 kinds of single oil and to study the effect of short term weathering on the properties of nickel vanadium in single oil, the heavy fuel oil Iran and heavy fuel oil Oman were determined according to the similarity results. Light fuel oil-Kuwait and UAE-Iraq were used to study the change of nickel-vanadium ratio of mixed oil before and after weathering. The conclusions are as follows: (1) from the similarity analysis, the similarity coefficient of marine crude oil in single oil is higher, and the similarity degree of continental crude oil is also relatively high. Oman is located in the Middle East, but its crude oil is continental in nature, and its similarity with other Middle East crude oil is slightly lower, and the similarity coefficient is also very low with non-Middle Eastern continental crude oil. In addition, Daqing and Malay have a high similarity with two kinds of fuel oils, that is, the two kinds of fuel oils may be made from these two kinds of crude oil. (2) during the one-month weathering process, all single oils, The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Ni/V value of fuel oil and mixed oil is about 5%, that is, the ratio of nickel and vanadium is basically unchanged during the whole weathering process, and the ratio is stable, and the weathering resistance is very strong. It can provide technical support for offshore oil spill identification. (3) the ratio of nickel to vanadium of mixed oil is related to the nickel vanadium ratio of single oil to form the mixed oil, and the mixed oil of two kinds of marine crude oil will show the characteristics of marine crude oil; The mixture of fuel oil and marine crude oil shows different characteristics because of the different mixing ratio. The ratio of nickel to vanadium of each mixed oil increases with the increase of the proportion of single oil with higher nickel vanadium value. (4) the nickel vanadium content and the ratio of nickel to vanadium are used as parameters to cluster each mixed oil. The results show that the large proportion of single oil is due to nickel. The properties of V / V Ni / V are similar and easily converged into one class. During the two stages of weathering, the clustering results of each group of mixed oil samples are basically the same as those of unweathered ones, that is, the nickel vanadium ratio is also very effective in the identification of mixed oils.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X55

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