细基江蓠和真江蓠野生种群生长海域水质营养盐特征及富营养化评价

发布时间：2018-08-06 11:49

【摘要】：【目的】了解江蓠生长海域水质营养盐特征和富营养化变化规律,为海洋牧场建设及富营养化海域人工修复的藻种选择提供科学依据。【方法】以细基江蓠和真江蓠常年生长的广西北海大冠沙乌黎村和下村海域为研究对象,通过周年监测氨态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、亚硝态氮(NO_2~--N)、活性磷酸盐(DIP)、化学需氧量(COD)等水质指标,采用单因子污染指数法和富营养化指数评价法,并结合氮磷比(N/P)状况研究细基江蓠和真江蓠野生种群生长海域水质营养盐特征及富营养化水平。【结果】细基江蓠生长海域溶解无机氮(DIN)和DIP含量超过四类海水水质标准的月份比例为67%和83%,COD符合三类和四类海水水质标准的比例为75%;N/P周年波动范围为3.46~18.14,平均值9.05,低于Redfield系数的月份比例为92%,氮限制为营养盐结构的主要特征;富营养化指数(Ei)周年波动范围为5.62~123.25,平均值35.04,呈严重富营养化状态,不同季节的Ei平均值排序为:秋季(54.42)夏季(41.95)冬季(32.75)春季(11.06)。真江蓠生长海域DIN和DIP符合一类或二类海水水质标准,COD符合三类和四类海水水质标准的月份比例为100%,N/P周年波动范围为1.22~85.45,平均值26.24,高于Redfield系数的月份比例为58%,磷限制为营养盐结构的主要特征;Ei周年波动范围为1.82~12.75,呈多种富营养化状态(贫、轻度、中度、重度和严重富营养化),不同季节的Ei平均值排序为:夏季(12.75)秋季(4.91)春季(2.13)冬季(1.82)。【结论】广西北海细基江蓠和真江蓠野生种群主要以DIN和DIP为生长所需的营养盐,可生活在多种富营养化状态的海域中,二者均适宜作为海洋牧场建设及富营养化海域人工修复的藻种,但细基江蓠对富营养化水体的耐受性优于真江蓠。
[Abstract]:[objective] to understand the characteristics of nutrient and eutrophication in the growing area of Gracilaria. To provide scientific basis for the construction of marine grazing land and the selection of algae species for artificial restoration in eutrophication sea area. [methods] the sea areas of Gracilaria granulata and Gracilaria were studied in the sea areas of Shawuli Village and Xiacun in Beihai, Guangxi. Through the annual monitoring of ammonia nitrogen (NH4- N), nitrate nitrogen (NO_3~--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO_2~--N), active phosphate (DIP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), single factor pollution index method and eutrophication index evaluation method were used. The nutrient characteristics and eutrophication level of water quality in the growing area of wild population of Gracilaria tenuistifolia and Gracilaria sinensis were studied in combination with N / P ratio. [results] the contents of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DIP in the growing area of Gracilaria were higher than those of the four kinds of seawater. The monthly ratio of water quality standard is 67% and 833%. The proportion of COD meeting the three and four kinds of seawater water quality standard is 75% N / P annual fluctuation range is 3.46 ~ 18.14, the average value is 9.05, the month ratio is 92 lower than the Redfield coefficient, the nitrogen limitation is the main characteristic of nutrient structure; The annual fluctuation range of eutrophication index (Ei) is 5.62 ~ 123.25 with an average value of 35.04, showing a serious eutrophication state. The average ei of different seasons is arranged as follows: autumn (54.42) summer (41.95) winter (32.75) spring (11.06). In the growing sea area of Gracilaria, the monthly ratio of DIN and DIP meeting the water quality standards of three or four types of seawater is 100%, with an annual fluctuation range of 1.22 ~ 85.45, with an average of 26.24. The month ratio above the Redfield coefficient is 58 cm, and the phosphorus limit is limited. The main characteristic of nutrient structure is the annual fluctuation range of Ei is 1.82o 12.75, showing a variety of eutrophication states (poor, poor). Light, moderate, severe and severe eutrophication), the average ei of different seasons was: summer (12.75) autumn (4.91) spring (2.13) winter (1.82). [conclusion] DIN and DIP are the main nutrients for the growth of wild populations of Gracilaria and Gracilaria in Beihai, Guangxi. They can be used as algae species for the construction of marine pasture and artificial restoration in eutrophication area, but the tolerance of Gracilaria tenuliflora to eutrophication water is better than that of Gracilaria sinensis.
【作者单位】：广西大学动物科学技术学院/广西高校水生生物健康养殖与营养调控重点实验室;广西海洋研究所/广西海洋生物技术重点实验室;
【基金】：广西自然科学基金项目(2013GXNSFDA019012) 广西海洋生物技术重点实验室开放基金项目(GLMBT-201502)
【分类号】：S931.3;X55;X824

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