混合原油荧光特性的研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 20:18

【摘要】：溢油事故已经成为危害海洋环境的一个重要因素。对于各不相同的溢油情况来说,除了单一油种的泄露之外,还有混合油种的溢油情形。虽然我国也已开展了溢油指纹的研究,但鉴别技术还需要进一步提高,特别是在溢油指纹库建设方面。如今,大部分海上溢油的鉴别研究是以单一原油特性为主的,而关于混合原油特性鉴定的研究极为少见。因此,本研究针对这一难题,对原油中多环芳烃的荧光特性在混合原油中的变化规律进行了尝试性的研究和探讨,以期为海上溢油中混合原油的鉴定提供一个技术支持。实验采集了阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、马来西亚、伊拉克、大庆5种原油样本,采用恒波长同步荧光法对油样的荧光特性进行检测分析。根据5种单油中荧光特性强弱的差异,确定沙特阿拉伯-大庆,马来西亚-沙特阿拉伯,大庆-阿联酋,马来西亚-阿联酋、阿联酋-沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋-伊拉克相互混合作为风化前的6组混油样品,并在4个特征波长下(304±1nm、334±2nm、354±2nm、388±3nm)考察了混合比例对荧光强度变化的影响。马来西亚-沙特与阿联酋-伊拉克这两组混油的荧光强度与混合比的线性相关最显著,沙特-大庆这组混油的线性相关次之。因为沙特-大庆与阿联酋-伊拉克这两组混油的正构烷烃分布与混合比例线性相关最好,故确定风化油样也为沙特-大庆与阿联酋-伊拉克这两组混油。通过30天短期风化实验,探讨了风化对不同混合比油样的荧光特性变化的影响。沙特-大庆混油：风化前10天,不同混合比油样的荧光强度变化范围在20.3%-30.4%之间,之后20天的风化期间,混油的荧光强度变化范围小于13.6%。不同混合比油样的荧光特性各自受风化影响不大,通过各自的30天风化荧光强度均值的对比可知,风化后的混油荧光强度是随着单油荧光特性强的组分增加而增强的,这与风化前混油的荧光特性随混合比变化的规律一致。阿联酋—伊拉克混油：原油混合比为阿联酋：伊拉克=3：1/2：1/1：1时,整个风化期间的荧光强度变化范围小于11.3%。而在阿联酋：伊拉克=1：2与1：3时,风化前10天其荧光强度变化范围在16.8%-22.5%之间。风化后20天,混油的荧光强度变化范围小于11.3%。风化后的混油荧光强度依然是随着荧光强的单油的组分的增加而增强。
[Abstract]:Oil spill accident has become an important factor that endangers the marine environment. For different oil spills, there are mixed oil spills in addition to single oil spills. Although the research of oil spill fingerprint has been carried out in our country, the identification technology needs to be further improved, especially in the construction of oil spill fingerprint bank. Nowadays, most offshore oil spill identification studies mainly focus on the characteristics of single crude oil, but the identification of mixed crude oil characteristics is very rare. Therefore, in order to provide a technical support for the identification of mixed crude oil in offshore oil spill, the variation of fluorescence characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mixed crude oil is studied and discussed in this paper. The samples of UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Iraq and Daqing were collected. The fluorescence characteristics of oil samples were detected and analyzed by constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence method. Based on the differences of fluorescence characteristics in five kinds of single oil, it is determined that Saudi Arabia-Daqing, Malaysia-Saudi Arabia, Daqing-UAE, Malaysia-UAE, UAE-Saudi Arabia, The effect of mixing ratio on fluorescence intensity was investigated at four characteristic wavelengths (304 卤1nmnmt4 卤2nmnmt4 卤2nmtl) at four characteristic wavelengths (304 卤1nmnmnmt4 卤2nmnmt4 卤2nmtl) as six groups of mixed oil samples before weathering. The linear correlation between the fluorescence intensity and the mixing ratio was the most significant in Malaysia Saudi Arabia and UAE Iraq, followed by the Saudi Daqing oil mixture. Since the distribution of n-alkanes in the Saudi Daqing and UAE-Iraq blends is the best, it is determined that the weathered oil samples are also Saudi Daqing and UAE-Iraq mixtures. The effects of weathering on the fluorescence characteristics of oil samples with different mixing ratios were investigated by 30 days short-term weathering experiments. Saudi-Daqing oil mixture: 10 days before weathering, the fluorescence intensity of oil samples with different mixing ratios ranged from 20.3- 30.4%, and the fluorescence intensity of mixed oil was less than 13.6% during the weathering 20 days after weathering. The fluorescence characteristics of oil samples with different mixing ratios were not affected by weathering. The comparison of the average value of weathering fluorescence intensity in each 30 days shows that the fluorescence intensity of oil mixed with weathered oil increases with the increase of the components with strong fluorescence characteristics of single oil. This is consistent with the variation of the fluorescence characteristics of the mixed oil with the mixing ratio before weathering. UAE-Iraq oil mixture: the ratio of crude oil to oil is UAE: Iraq 3: 1 / 2: 1: 1: 1. During the whole weathering period, the fluorescence intensity varies in a range of less than 11.3. In the UAE, at 1: 2 and 1:3 in Iraq, the fluorescence intensity varied between 16.8- 22.5% 10 days before weathering. 20 days after weathering, the range of fluorescence intensity of mixed oil was less than 11.3. After weathering, the fluorescence intensity of the mixed oil increases with the increase of the component of the single oil.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X834

【参考文献】