中国沿海地区海洋经济绿色生产效率时空差异及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-08-13 10:51

【摘要】：海洋为我国社会经济的发展提供了丰富的资源和广阔的发展空间,近年来,海洋经济的快速发展也在极大程度上对国民经济的增长作出贡献,并推动着整个社会经济向前发展。但是随着我国沿海地区工业化进程的加快和海洋经济快速发展对海洋粗放式地开发和无节制排放,海洋水体污染、生态受损、灾害多发等环境问题突出,这些海洋生态环境问题的发生会导致海洋生物资源减少,甚至稀有物种就此灭绝,滨海旅游环境遭到破坏,失去其原有的价值,人类的生命健康安全也会受到威胁,海洋环境问题已成为海洋经济增长和健康可持续发展的制约因素。所以,就目前我国海洋经济的发展状况来看,如何在保护环境的前提下,最大限度提升海洋经济生产效率,实现海洋经济的持续健康发展,已成为一个不可避免亟需解决的问题。在说明我国海洋环境和海洋经济发展现状的基础上,将海洋传统投入要素、海洋环境投入要素和海洋经济增长纳入到一个整体生产过程中,运用柯布-道格拉斯的随机前沿分析方法计算生产者自身的效率,得出我国沿海各地区的海洋经济绿色生产效率值,并利用ArcGIS分析功能、核密度估计、基尼系数、变异系数、α趋同及β趋同等方法对我国沿海各地区的海洋经济绿色生产效率进行时空分析和动态演进趋势分析。在此基础上,建立Tobit回归模型,定量分析各可能的影响因素对海洋经济绿色生产效率的影响程度和作用方向。得出以下主要结论:(1)我国沿海11省市的海洋经济绿色生产效率呈稳步提升趋势,而且地区间的差异在缩小;河北的海洋经济绿色生产效率水平最高,增长率反而最低,海南的效率水平最低,增长率反而最高,最高与最低效率之间的差异成收敛态势;(2)从投入要素的产出弹性来看,传统投入要素的增加促进海洋经济的增长,在现有的技术水平下,我国海洋经济发展以增加涉海就业人员数与尽可能转化更多海洋资本为重要前提。海洋经济产值增加的同时伴随着海洋环境污染的加据,工业废水的排放对海洋坏境的污染程度最大;(3)各地区海洋经济绿色生产效率存在趋同现象,趋同速度为5.64%,受现有生产力水平限制,河北、广东等海洋经济绿色生产效率值越高地区的趋同速度低于海南、辽宁等海洋经济绿色生产效率较低的地区;(4)从影响因素来看,海洋经济发展水平对海洋经济绿色生产效率的提升起负向作用,主要原因是海洋发展带来的经济效益小于因此引发的资源破坏、环境污染等的成本。海洋物质资本与对外开放水平对海洋经济绿色生产效率起正向促进作用,海洋产业结构、海洋人力资本和环境治理力度没有通过模型检验,对海洋经济绿色生产效率未起到显著影响。
[Abstract]:The ocean has provided abundant resources and broad development space for the social economy development of our country. In recent years, the rapid development of the marine economy has also contributed to the growth of the national economy to a great extent, and has promoted the whole social economy to develop forward. However, with the acceleration of industrialization in coastal areas of China and the rapid development of marine economy, environmental problems such as extensive exploitation and uncontrolled discharge of the ocean, pollution of marine water bodies, ecological damage, frequent disasters, etc, are prominent. The occurrence of these marine ecological environmental problems will lead to the reduction of marine living resources, even the extinction of rare species, the destruction of the coastal tourism environment, the loss of its original value, and the threat to the health and safety of human beings. The problem of marine environment has become the restriction factor of marine economic growth and healthy sustainable development. Therefore, in view of the current development situation of marine economy in China, how to maximize the efficiency of marine economic production and realize the sustained and healthy development of marine economy under the premise of protecting the environment? It has become an inevitable and urgent problem. On the basis of explaining the present situation of marine environment and marine economy development in China, the traditional input elements of ocean, the input elements of marine environment and the growth of marine economy are brought into a whole production process. By using Cobb-Douglas' stochastic frontier analysis method to calculate the efficiency of the producers themselves, the green production efficiency values of marine economy in each coastal area of China are obtained, and the ArcGIS analysis function, nuclear density estimation, Gini coefficient are used. The methods of variation coefficient, 伪 -convergence and 尾 -convergence are used to analyze the green production efficiency of marine economy in coastal areas of China in time and space and dynamic evolution trend analysis. On this basis, the Tobit regression model was established to quantitatively analyze the influence degree and direction of various possible factors on the green production efficiency of marine economy. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the green production efficiency of marine economy in 11 provinces and cities along the coast of China shows a steady upward trend, and the differences between regions are narrowing, while the green production efficiency of marine economy in Hebei Province is the highest, but the growth rate is the lowest. Hainan has the lowest efficiency level and the highest growth rate, and the difference between the highest efficiency and the lowest efficiency converges. (2) from the point of view of the output elasticity of input elements, the increase of traditional input elements promotes the growth of marine economy. At the present level of technology, the development of marine economy in China is based on increasing the number of employees involved in the sea and transforming more marine capital as much as possible. With the increase of marine economic output value and the increase of marine environmental pollution, the discharge of industrial waste water causes the greatest pollution to the marine environment. (3) the green production efficiency of marine economy in different regions is similar. The convergence rate is 5.64. The convergence rate in the areas with higher green production efficiency of marine economy such as Hebei and Guangdong is lower than that in Hainan, Liaoning and other areas with low green production efficiency. (4) from the point of view of influencing factors, the convergence rate of green production efficiency of marine economy in Hebei and Guangdong is lower than that in Hainan and Liaoning. (4) from the point of view of influencing factors, The level of marine economic development plays a negative role in improving the efficiency of green production of marine economy. The main reason is that the economic benefits brought by marine development are less than those caused by the destruction of resources and the cost of environmental pollution. Marine material capital and the level of opening to the outside world play a positive role in promoting the green production efficiency of marine economy. The marine industrial structure, marine human capital and environmental governance have not passed the model test. It has no significant effect on the green production efficiency of marine economy.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P74

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