南中国海PAHs的分布、生物泵输出及时间序列研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 12:22
【摘要】：于2006年、2010-2013年分别采集了南海北部与南部海域的海水样品,并对其中的溶解态与颗粒态多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)进行了分析测定。本研究获得了南海海水中PAHs的含量、水平与垂直分布特征、来源,以及南海北部海域中PAHs季节变化以及年际变化等地球化学行为特征,并探讨了南海水文学过程和生物泵等相关因素对PAHs在该海域空间分布的影响,提升了对南海海洋环境中溶解态PAHs污染状况的认识。主要结论如下： 2006年9月,南海北部表层海水中溶解态和颗粒态PAHs的含量范围分别为0.18-1.17ng/L(平均值0.49ng/L)、0.43-46.6ng/L(平均值9.40ng/L)。2010-2013年,南海表层海水中溶解态PAHs的含量范围为2.79-81.39ng/L。总体上,当前南海海水受PAHs污染程度在世界海域处于中等水平。 在南海北部海域,溶解态PAHs在水平方向上总体呈现随离岸距离增加,浓度逐渐降低的分布特征。大气沉降和地表径流是造成河口与近岸海域PAHs浓度高于外海海域的重要原因。南海北部海域溶解态PAHs水平分布状况与该海域的径流、沿岸流、黑潮、南海暖流及涡流等水文学过程密切相关。而南海南部海域表层水体中PAHs的分布并无明显的规律,局部地区出现高值。越南、菲律宾、马来西亚等国家的工农业排放及其在南沙海域油气田的开采是其主要影响因素。 南海北部海域表层海水中溶解态PAHs的含量和分布呈现出明显的年际变化和季节变化。自2006年至2013年,南海北部表层水体中溶解态PAHs的平均含量总体呈现上升趋势,表明该海域PAHs污染状况有进一步加重的趋势,这与我国珠江三角洲经济区、香港、澳门等近岸海域及菲律宾、越南等东南亚地区的经济发展密切相关。2011年春季,南海北部表层水体中溶解态PAHs浓度高于2010年秋季,呈现明显的季节变化,生物泵与光降解等是其主要影响因素。海洋浮游植物可通过“生物泵”的作用将溶解态PAHs“泵”入到海洋的悬浮颗粒物中,发生沉降,导致南海水体中溶解态PAHs含量下降；秋季样品中BaA/Chr的比值(平均值：4.99)明显高于春季样品(平均值：2.04),表明秋季光降解程度高于春季。 在越南以东开阔海域,200m以上水层中溶解态PAHs的含量相对高于200m以下水体中的含量。上升流、沉积物的再悬浮作用、生物泵过程和PAHs的输入是影响南海西部海水中PAHs的垂直分布的重要因素。PAHs的大气输入会导致表层PAHs浓度较高；而颗粒物的再悬浮作用可使近岸底层水体中PAHs的含量高于表层水体。粪球、动植物遗体等颗粒物的沉降过程与开阔海域PAHs在200m以下水层出现高值具有一定的相关关系。 运用234Th/238U不平衡法估算出2004年9月南海北部海域S2与S5站位颗粒态PAHs的输出通量分别为34.08μg/(m2·a)和15.29μg/(m2·a);2013年南海水体中颗粒态PAHs的输出通量为0.42-66.66μg/(m2·a),平均值为23.71μg/(m2·a)。运用叶绿素(Chl-a)法估算2013年南海水体中颗粒态PAHs的输出通量为44.56-140.06μg/(m2·a),平均值为82.11μg/(m2·a)。234Th/238U不平衡法估算的颗粒态PAHs的输出通量低于Chl-a法估算的结果。 最后,通过Ant/178、BaA/228、Flu/Flu+Pyr和InP/InP+BghiP四组PAHs的同分异构体进行源识别,得出南海海域PAHs的主要来源为燃烧来源,个别站位为石油来源,其中南海北部海域PAHs主要受我国珠江三角洲等近岸地区的工农业排放影响,而南海南部海域则主要受越南、菲律宾、马来西亚和文莱等东南亚国家影响较为严重。
[Abstract]:The dissolved and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the northern and southern waters of the South China Sea were analyzed in 2006 and 2010-2013 respectively. The main conclusions are as follows:1.
In September 2006, the contents of dissolved PAHs and particulate PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea ranged from 0.18 ng/L to 1.17ng/L (mean 0.49ng/L) and from 0.43 ng/L to 46.6ng/L (mean 9.40ng/L). From 2010 to 2013, the contents of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the South China Sea ranged from 2.79 ng/L to 81.39ng/L. At medium level.
In the northern South China Sea, the concentration of dissolved PAHs decreases with the increase of offshore distance. Atmospheric subsidence and surface runoff are the main reasons for the higher concentration of PAHs in Estuary and offshore waters than offshore waters. Current, Kuroshio, South China Sea Warm Current and Vortex are closely related to hydrological processes. However, the distribution of PAHs in the surface waters of the southern South China Sea has no obvious regularity and high values appear in some areas.
The content and distribution of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea show obvious interannual and seasonal variations. From 2006 to 2013, the average content of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea shows an overall upward trend, indicating that the pollution of PAHs in this area has a further aggravated trend, which is in line with the Pearl River Delta in China. In the spring of 2011, the concentration of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea was higher than that in the autumn of 2010, showing obvious seasonal variations. Biological pumps and photodegradation are the main factors affecting the development of marine phytoplankton. The dissolved PAHs were pumped into the suspended particulate matter and settled, resulting in the decrease of dissolved PAHs content in the South China Sea. The ratio of BaA/Chr in autumn samples (average value: 4.99) was significantly higher than that in spring samples (average value: 2.04), indicating that the photodegradation degree in autumn was higher than that in spring.
In the open sea area east of Vietnam, the content of dissolved PAHs in the water layer above 200 m is higher than that in the water below 200 m. Upwelling, sediment resuspension, biological pumping process and PAHs input are important factors affecting the vertical distribution of PAHs in the western South China Sea. The resuspension of particulate matter can make the content of PAHs in the bottom water of coastal waters higher than that in the surface water.
The output fluxes of particulate PAHs at S2 and S5 stations in the northern South China Sea in September 2004 were estimated by 234Th/238U imbalance method to be 34.08 UG /(m2.a) and 15.29 UG /(m2.a), respectively. The output fluxes of particulate PAHs in the South China Sea in 2013 were 0.42-66.66 UG /(m2.a), with an average of 23.71 UG /(m2.a). The chlorophyll (Chl-a) method was used to estimate the South China Sea in 2013. The output flux of particulate PAHs in seawater is 44.56-140.06 ug/(m2.a) with an average value of 82.11 ug/(m2.a). The output flux of particulate PAHs estimated by the 234Th/238U imbalance method is lower than that estimated by the Chl-a method.
Finally, source identification of four groups of PAHs isomers, Ant/178, BaA/228, Flu/Flu+Pyr and InP/InP+BghiP, shows that the main source of PAHs in the South China Sea is combustion, and individual stations are oil sources. The PAHs in the northern South China Sea are mainly affected by industrial and agricultural emissions in the coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta, while in the Southern South China Sea. The region is mainly affected by Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei and other Southeast Asian countries.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55
本文编号：2189456
[Abstract]:The dissolved and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the northern and southern waters of the South China Sea were analyzed in 2006 and 2010-2013 respectively. The main conclusions are as follows:1.
In September 2006, the contents of dissolved PAHs and particulate PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea ranged from 0.18 ng/L to 1.17ng/L (mean 0.49ng/L) and from 0.43 ng/L to 46.6ng/L (mean 9.40ng/L). From 2010 to 2013, the contents of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the South China Sea ranged from 2.79 ng/L to 81.39ng/L. At medium level.
In the northern South China Sea, the concentration of dissolved PAHs decreases with the increase of offshore distance. Atmospheric subsidence and surface runoff are the main reasons for the higher concentration of PAHs in Estuary and offshore waters than offshore waters. Current, Kuroshio, South China Sea Warm Current and Vortex are closely related to hydrological processes. However, the distribution of PAHs in the surface waters of the southern South China Sea has no obvious regularity and high values appear in some areas.
The content and distribution of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea show obvious interannual and seasonal variations. From 2006 to 2013, the average content of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea shows an overall upward trend, indicating that the pollution of PAHs in this area has a further aggravated trend, which is in line with the Pearl River Delta in China. In the spring of 2011, the concentration of dissolved PAHs in the surface waters of the northern South China Sea was higher than that in the autumn of 2010, showing obvious seasonal variations. Biological pumps and photodegradation are the main factors affecting the development of marine phytoplankton. The dissolved PAHs were pumped into the suspended particulate matter and settled, resulting in the decrease of dissolved PAHs content in the South China Sea. The ratio of BaA/Chr in autumn samples (average value: 4.99) was significantly higher than that in spring samples (average value: 2.04), indicating that the photodegradation degree in autumn was higher than that in spring.
In the open sea area east of Vietnam, the content of dissolved PAHs in the water layer above 200 m is higher than that in the water below 200 m. Upwelling, sediment resuspension, biological pumping process and PAHs input are important factors affecting the vertical distribution of PAHs in the western South China Sea. The resuspension of particulate matter can make the content of PAHs in the bottom water of coastal waters higher than that in the surface water.
The output fluxes of particulate PAHs at S2 and S5 stations in the northern South China Sea in September 2004 were estimated by 234Th/238U imbalance method to be 34.08 UG /(m2.a) and 15.29 UG /(m2.a), respectively. The output fluxes of particulate PAHs in the South China Sea in 2013 were 0.42-66.66 UG /(m2.a), with an average of 23.71 UG /(m2.a). The chlorophyll (Chl-a) method was used to estimate the South China Sea in 2013. The output flux of particulate PAHs in seawater is 44.56-140.06 ug/(m2.a) with an average value of 82.11 ug/(m2.a). The output flux of particulate PAHs estimated by the 234Th/238U imbalance method is lower than that estimated by the Chl-a method.
Finally, source identification of four groups of PAHs isomers, Ant/178, BaA/228, Flu/Flu+Pyr and InP/InP+BghiP, shows that the main source of PAHs in the South China Sea is combustion, and individual stations are oil sources. The PAHs in the northern South China Sea are mainly affected by industrial and agricultural emissions in the coastal areas such as the Pearl River Delta, while in the Southern South China Sea. The region is mainly affected by Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei and other Southeast Asian countries.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55
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