山东半岛东部海滩侵蚀现状与保护研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 16:52

【摘要】：海滩侵蚀是世界各地沿海普遍发生的问题，是当今地球科学的研究热点之一。20世纪70年代至今，山东半岛海滩侵蚀形式日益严峻。山东目前有80%的砂质海滩遭受侵蚀，沙滩颗粒粗化，绝大部分已变为侵蚀的重灾段。海滩是山东省的重要旅游资源，随着社会经济的发展，人们对沙滩休闲度假的需求日益增长，如何保护沙滩，已是山东海岸海洋行政管理部门的重要课题，亦是打造山东半岛蓝色经济区的需要。本文以山东半岛东部海滩为研究对象，以现场调查资料为基础，结合历史地形图、卫片资料和前人研究成果，进行了如下研究工作：对山东半岛东部海滩进行分类，并进行海滩质量评价；研究海滩的演化规律，分析海岸侵蚀的现状及原因，阐明了影响海滩侵蚀的主要影响因素；通过模型预测研究了海滩的稳定性；分析了研究区内海滩利用及保护现状，并根据实际情况提出了相应的海岸保护对策。具体结论如下：（1）通过野外实地调查发现山东半岛东部沙滩资源丰富，数量大、分布广、沙层厚、岬湾型海滩、平直海滩均有，空间分布比较均匀，有利于规划与利用。（2）根据海滩海岸地貌类型和沙滩动力进行了海滩分类。前者分类方式将海滩划分为三种类型：岬湾型海岸、沙坝泻型湖海岸和夷直型海岸，其中沙坝泻湖海岸又可分为沙坝型、沙咀型和连岛型海岸三个亚型。其中岬湾型海岸43个，沙坝-泻湖/沙咀型13个，沙坝-泻湖/沙坝型6个，，沙坝-泻湖/连岛型5个。根据动力地貌类型可分为：耗散型（马栏阱-楮岛）、沙坝-槽谷型（纹石宝滩、天鹅湖海滩、乳山银滩）、低潮阶地型（威海国际海水浴场、荣成海滨公园沙滩、靖海卫沙滩位、海阳万米沙滩）和反射型（半月湾海滩）四种。（3）根据海滩质量评价结果只有两个海滩属于“差”等级，大多数为“中”。评价结果与实地调研的情况相符，评价体系具有较高的可信度。（4）研究区90%的海滩处于侵蚀状态，根据沙滩侵蚀程度分为4个等级：严重侵蚀、侵蚀、微弱侵蚀和平衡状态。威海荣成沿岸、烟台海阳等岸段属严重侵蚀型海滩，石岛沿岸等处为侵蚀型，威海环翠区沿岸等岸段为微弱侵蚀型，平衡状态型仅有两处，所有的海岸侵蚀因素中人类影响是最主要的。（5）通过对海滩季节变化、年际变化、海滩对风暴潮的响应、常态条件下及极端天气下海滩的演化趋势等研究了山东半岛东部海滩的演变规律。通过数值模拟发现由于多种因素的耦合作用靖海卫海滩处于极不稳定状态，沙滩系统处于崩溃的边缘。（6）研究区内存在海滩硬性防护措施和软性防护措施两种海滩保护方式，但规模较小。今后的海岸防护手段要根据海滩功用来制定，以生态护岸为主，辅以合理可行的硬性护岸。
[Abstract]:Beach erosion is a common problem in coastal areas all over the world. It is one of the research hotspots in earth science. Since 1970s, beach erosion in Shandong Peninsula has become increasingly severe. At present, 80% of sandy beaches in Shandong Province have been eroded. Beach is an important tourism resource in Shandong Province. With the development of social economy, people's demand for beach leisure vacation is growing day by day. How to protect the beach is an important topic for Shandong coastal marine administration department. It is also the need to create the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula. This paper takes the eastern beaches of Shandong Peninsula as the research object, based on the field investigation data, combining with the historical topographic map, the satellite data and the previous research results, carries out the following research work: classify the eastern beaches of the Shandong Peninsula, The beach quality is evaluated, the evolution law of beach is studied, the current situation and reason of coastal erosion are analyzed, the main influencing factors of beach erosion are clarified, and the stability of beach is studied by model prediction. The present situation of beach utilization and protection in the study area is analyzed, and the corresponding coastal protection countermeasures are put forward according to the actual situation. The specific conclusions are as follows: (1) through field investigation, it is found that the east of Shandong Peninsula is rich in sand resources, large in quantity, wide in distribution, thick in sand layer, and there are both cape bay beaches and flat beaches, and the spatial distribution is relatively uniform. (2) the beach classification is carried out according to the beach coastal landform type and beach dynamic force. The former classifies the beach into three types: promontory coast, sand bar cathartic lake coast and barren coast, among which the sand bar lagoon coast can be divided into three subtypes: sand dam type, Sha Tsui type and even island type coast. Among them, there are 43 promontory coasts, 13 Shaba lagoon / Sha Tsui type, 6 Shaba lagoon / sand dam type, 5 sand dam-lagoon / even island type. According to the type of dynamic geomorphology, it can be divided into three types: dissipative type (Marlan-Cheng-Chu Island), Shaba-trough valley type (Wenshibao Beach, Swan Lake Beach, Rushan Silver Beach), low tide terrace type (Weihai International Beach, Rongcheng Seaside Park Beach, Jinghai Beach, Jinghai Beach). (3) according to the results of beach quality evaluation, only two beaches belong to "bad" grade, most of which are "medium". The evaluation results are consistent with the field investigation, and the evaluation system has a high reliability. (4) 90% of the beaches in the study area are in erosion state, which can be divided into four grades according to the beach erosion degree: severe erosion. Weak erosion and equilibrium. Along the Rongcheng coast of Weihai, the Yantai Haiyang section belongs to the seriously eroded beach, the Shidao coast is the erosive type, the Weihai circular area coastal section is the weak erosion type, and the equilibrium type is only two places. Of all the coastal erosion factors, human influence is the most important. (5) the response of beaches to storm surges through seasonal changes, interannual changes, and beach responses to storm surges. The evolution of beaches in the east of Shandong Peninsula is studied under normal conditions and extreme weather conditions. Through numerical simulation, it is found that Jinghai beach is in a very unstable state because of the coupling of many factors. The beach system is on the verge of collapse. (6) there are two kinds of beach protection methods in the study area: hard protection and soft protection, but the scale is relatively small. In the future, coastal protection measures should be formulated according to beach function, mainly ecological bank protection, supplemented by reasonable and feasible hard bank protection.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748

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