基于声学压力波潮测量技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 09:09

【摘要】：海浪和潮汐观测对海洋防灾减灾、海洋开发利用和人民生活具有非常重要的意义。目前,我国海浪观测以浮标为主,潮位观测以有井验潮为主。浮标容易遭到破坏,运行成本高。有井验潮的建设成本高,且不适合在滩涂建设。我国沿岸水深多数在几米至20米之间,且有些海岸线为滩涂,本文的目标是采用声学和压力相结合的方法,设计适合我国近岸、海岛和平台的波潮观测系统。首先对压力、声学、浮标、雷达测波技术优缺点进行分析,结合我国波浪观测现状,提出了基于声学和压力测量波浪和潮位系统的设计思路,介绍了系统的组成、功能和工作流程。测波测潮理论部分论述了波高及对应波周期的计算方法,潮位测量影响因素,声学数据的温度补偿,压力数据的气压补偿,潮位和高低潮的计算方法和波谱分析。硬件方面论述了传感器、数据采集器的实现方法,详细介绍了声学测量部分的设计原理,包括声波发生器、声波发射接收器和计算存储电路。软件方面论述了程序实现流程,包括数据的接收、处理、存储和显示。试验部分包括波浪特征值对比分析、潮汐特征值对比分析、声压测波补偿方式、声压测波频谱对比分析。试验结果表明:声学测波设备和压力测波设备与波浪浮标具有较好的相关性,声学测波设备能够测量周期较小的波浪,而压力式测波设备不受海面破碎浪的影响,两者能够互相补充。论文的创新点有:(1)声学测波和压力测波相互补充,扩大了设备使用范围和测量准确度。声学测波可以弥补压力测波对仪器布放深度的限制,压力测波降低测波环境的要求,两者结合基本上满足我国近岸、海岛和平台波浪测量的需求。(2)设备工作方式灵活,适合海洋站、工程测量和海洋调查。可设置采样频率和工作方式。采样频率可采用半小时工作方式、1小时工作方式或3小时工作方式,工作方式可采用压力测波方式、声学测波方式或压力声学测波方式。
[Abstract]:Observation of waves and tides is of great significance to marine disaster prevention and mitigation, ocean exploitation and utilization and people's life. At present, the observation of ocean waves in China is dominated by buoys, and the observation of tidal level by well-well tide detection. Buoys are vulnerable to destruction and run at high cost. The construction cost of well tide check is high, and it is not suitable for tidal flat construction. Most of the coastal water depths in China are between a few meters to 20 meters, and some coastlines are tidal flat. The aim of this paper is to design a wave and tide observation system suitable for China's coastal, island and platform by combining acoustic and pressure methods. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of pressure, acoustics, buoy and radar wave measurement techniques are analyzed. Combined with the present situation of wave observation in China, the design idea of wave and tide level system based on acoustics and pressure measurement is put forward, and the composition of the system is introduced. Function and workflow. In the part of wave and tide measurement theory, the calculation method of wave height and corresponding wave period, the influencing factors of tidal level measurement, the temperature compensation of acoustic data, the pressure compensation of pressure data, the calculation method of tidal level and high and low tide and the analysis of wave spectrum are discussed. In the aspect of hardware, the realization method of sensor and data collector is discussed, and the design principle of acoustic measurement part is introduced in detail, including acoustic wave generator, acoustic wave transmitting receiver and calculating storage circuit. In software aspect, the program realization flow is discussed, including data receiving, processing, storing and displaying. The experimental part includes wave eigenvalue contrast analysis, tidal eigenvalue contrast analysis, acoustic pressure measurement wave compensation method, acoustic pressure wave spectrum contrast analysis. The experimental results show that the acoustic wave measuring equipment and the pressure wave measuring equipment have good correlation with the wave buoy. The acoustic wave measuring equipment can measure the wave with a relatively small period, but the pressure wave measuring equipment is not affected by the breaking wave of the sea surface. The two complement each other. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) the acoustic wave and the pressure wave complement each other, which enlarge the range of the equipment and the accuracy of the measurement. Acoustic wave measurement can make up for the limitation of the pressure wave to the depth of the instrument placement, and the pressure wave can reduce the requirement of the wave measuring environment. The combination of the two can basically meet the requirement of wave measurement in the coastal, island and platform of our country. (2) the equipment works flexibly. Suitable for ocean station, engineering survey and ocean survey. The sampling frequency and working mode can be set. The sampling frequency can be operated in half-hour mode, one-hour mode or 3-hour mode. The working mode can be pressure wave measurement, acoustic wave measurement or pressure-acoustic wave measurement.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋技术中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P715

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