PAC累积四级逆流吸附—微滤组合工艺处理ROC的中试研究
发布时间：2018-10-23 17:19
【摘要】：反渗透(RO)工艺凭借其对水中盐类及有机污染物优异的去除效果而广泛应用于海水淡化和污水深度处理等领域。但此工艺在生成高品质出水的同时会产生约为进水量30%的反渗透浓水(ROC),ROC中几乎包含了进水中所有的有机物,其中还可能包括一些环境优先污染物,如果直接排放,这些物质将会严重影响环境。目前,国内外处理ROC的工艺主要包括:石灰软化、活性炭吸附、混凝沉淀、离子交换等传统工艺以及臭氧、光催化、芬顿试剂和电化学氧化等高级氧化工艺,但这些工艺存在能耗高、处理效率低等问题。本研究是采用粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附与微滤(MF)工艺联用的技术,即利用PAC去吸附ROC中的有机物,再通过MF膜使PAC从水相中分离,得到低有机物、低污泥密度指数(SDI)的出水,进而可采用RO工艺进一步回收淡水,提高RO系统的回收率。采用逆流吸附的操作方式能够有效地降低PAC投加量。PAC累积四级逆流吸附-微滤组合工艺是对PAC吸附-微滤组合工艺的改进。课题组的前期工作已经证实PAC吸附-微滤组合工艺能够有效地去除ROC中的有机物,降低出水浊度。但为了降低工艺成本,减少PAC投加量且尽量减少工艺产生的固体废弃物,又探究PAC累积二级逆流吸附-微滤组合工艺以及PAC累积四级逆流吸附-微滤组合工艺对ROC的处理效果。试验结果表明,PAC累积逆流吸附的次数越多越能降低PAC的投加量,但是会增加反应器的个数,增加基建费用,因此选择了PAC累积四级逆流吸附-微滤组合工艺进行了中试试验。中试试验结果表明,反应器A的一个大循环对应反应器B三个小循环的运行方式和反应器A一个大循环对应反应器B一个小循环的运行方式都能够达到理想的有机物去除效果,后者的处理效果较前者略差,但后者能够大大的减小反应器A的体积,这样有利于实际应用,减小占地面积、降低基建费用。同时,后者由于每次都向反应器A排炭,减小了反应器B内的悬浮固体量,减缓了膜污染速率,从而延长了膜的使用寿命。通过计算,利用此工艺处理1 m3的ROC的成本约为2.8元,且出水水质能够达到RO工艺的进水水质要求,提高回收利用率。
[Abstract]:Reverse osmosis (RO) process has been widely used in seawater desalination and advanced wastewater treatment due to its excellent removal of salt and organic pollutants. However, this process can generate high quality effluent and produce almost all organic matter in influent of reverse osmosis concentrated water (ROC), ROC) which is about 30% of water intake, which may also include some environmental priority pollutants, if discharged directly, These substances will seriously affect the environment. At present, the processes of ROC treatment at home and abroad mainly include: lime softening, activated carbon adsorption, coagulation and precipitation, ion exchange, ozone, photocatalysis, Fenton reagent and electrochemical oxidation, etc. However, these processes have some problems such as high energy consumption and low treatment efficiency. In this study, the technology of (PAC) adsorption of powdered activated carbon and microfiltration (MF) process was used, that is, the organic matter in ROC was desorbed by PAC, and the PAC was separated from water by MF membrane. The effluent with low organic matter and low sludge density index (SDI) was obtained. RO process can be used to further recover fresh water and improve the recovery rate of RO system. The operation mode of countercurrent adsorption can effectively reduce the dosage of PAC. The PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration combination process is an improvement to the PAC adsorption-microfiltration combination process. The preliminary work of our group has proved that PAC adsorption-microfiltration process can effectively remove organic matter from ROC and reduce the turbidity of effluent. But in order to reduce the cost of the process, reduce the amount of PAC and reduce the solid waste produced by the process as far as possible, we also explore the treatment effect of the combined process of PAC accumulation second-order countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration and PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration to ROC. The experimental results show that the more times of PAC cumulative countercurrent adsorption, the lower the dosage of PAC, but it will increase the number of reactors and increase the cost of capital construction. Therefore, the PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration process has been selected for pilot test. The results of the pilot test show that one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to the operation mode of three small cycles of reactor B and the operation mode of one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to that of reactor B and the operation mode of one small cycle of reactor A can achieve the ideal removal effect of organic matter. The treatment effect of the latter is a little worse than that of the former, but the latter can greatly reduce the volume of reactor A, which is beneficial to practical application, reduce the area of land and reduce the cost of capital construction. At the same time, because the latter discharged carbon to reactor A every time, the amount of suspended solids in reactor B was reduced, and the membrane fouling rate was slowed down, thus prolonging the service life of the membrane. By calculation, the cost of treating 1 m3 ROC by this process is about 2.8 yuan, and the effluent quality can meet the requirement of the influent water quality of RO process and improve the recovery efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X703;P747.5
本文编号：2289948
[Abstract]:Reverse osmosis (RO) process has been widely used in seawater desalination and advanced wastewater treatment due to its excellent removal of salt and organic pollutants. However, this process can generate high quality effluent and produce almost all organic matter in influent of reverse osmosis concentrated water (ROC), ROC) which is about 30% of water intake, which may also include some environmental priority pollutants, if discharged directly, These substances will seriously affect the environment. At present, the processes of ROC treatment at home and abroad mainly include: lime softening, activated carbon adsorption, coagulation and precipitation, ion exchange, ozone, photocatalysis, Fenton reagent and electrochemical oxidation, etc. However, these processes have some problems such as high energy consumption and low treatment efficiency. In this study, the technology of (PAC) adsorption of powdered activated carbon and microfiltration (MF) process was used, that is, the organic matter in ROC was desorbed by PAC, and the PAC was separated from water by MF membrane. The effluent with low organic matter and low sludge density index (SDI) was obtained. RO process can be used to further recover fresh water and improve the recovery rate of RO system. The operation mode of countercurrent adsorption can effectively reduce the dosage of PAC. The PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration combination process is an improvement to the PAC adsorption-microfiltration combination process. The preliminary work of our group has proved that PAC adsorption-microfiltration process can effectively remove organic matter from ROC and reduce the turbidity of effluent. But in order to reduce the cost of the process, reduce the amount of PAC and reduce the solid waste produced by the process as far as possible, we also explore the treatment effect of the combined process of PAC accumulation second-order countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration and PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration to ROC. The experimental results show that the more times of PAC cumulative countercurrent adsorption, the lower the dosage of PAC, but it will increase the number of reactors and increase the cost of capital construction. Therefore, the PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration process has been selected for pilot test. The results of the pilot test show that one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to the operation mode of three small cycles of reactor B and the operation mode of one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to that of reactor B and the operation mode of one small cycle of reactor A can achieve the ideal removal effect of organic matter. The treatment effect of the latter is a little worse than that of the former, but the latter can greatly reduce the volume of reactor A, which is beneficial to practical application, reduce the area of land and reduce the cost of capital construction. At the same time, because the latter discharged carbon to reactor A every time, the amount of suspended solids in reactor B was reduced, and the membrane fouling rate was slowed down, thus prolonging the service life of the membrane. By calculation, the cost of treating 1 m3 ROC by this process is about 2.8 yuan, and the effluent quality can meet the requirement of the influent water quality of RO process and improve the recovery efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X703;P747.5
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