基于光学的波浪测量方法在波浪特性中的研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 12:22
【摘要】：人类在开发利用海洋资源的过程中,对于波浪特征要素的描述是最基本,也是最重要的。本文主要针对实验室内波浪测量方法进行了研究,并将其应用于大比尺波浪水槽中。首先,本文对现存的,可应用于实验室内的各种波浪测量方法进行了适应性分析,从其工作原理出发,主要从应用场合、测量范围和精度、稳定性、耐耗性、维修保养等方面进行分析,得出优势与劣势,进一步提出一种新的实验室波浪测量方法——基于光学的波浪测量方法。其次,介绍光学测量波浪的原理:在水槽上边缘俯视拍摄波浪表面和水槽侧壁,通过获取图像,判断波面附近灰度值变化来识别波面高度。从此原理出发,进行了摄像机的选取、镜头选取、设备搭建、刻度尺标注与标定、图像感兴趣区域提取、图像灰度化处理、图像平滑滤波、利用背景差分法进行波面高度识别、利用上跨零点法将图像处理结果转化为波浪的特征要素。最终,利用相同位置电阻式波高传感器和基于光学的波浪测量结果进行对比,得出结论:基于光学的波浪测量方法的精度可达到3mm(镜头焦距为8mm的情况下),采样频率为25帧/秒,完全满足实验室内常见的线性波和非线性波的采样要求。再次,利用光学测量的波高结果,对波浪特性进行分析,主要包括:波浪形态分析:利用两个测量点时间域上的波浪形态进行分析,得到整个大比尺波浪水槽中波浪的空间形态,能够更加直观观测到波浪在传播过程中周期、波高等波浪要素的变化,通过不同测量点获取的波浪空间形态对比,可以用来研究波浪在水槽方向传播过程中能量的消耗程度。波群传播过程分析:主要通过计算波群群性参数和波能过程线,得到波群在传播过程中各参数的变化以及波能的变化,这将成为海洋工程建设中的重要参考因素。入反射分离分析:利用两点法对两个波浪测量点的结果进行入反射波分离,推导出反射系数,此系数是海洋与海岸水动力的基础研究、波浪与近岸防护建筑物之间相互影响研究中的主要参考数据。最终,对此光学测量波浪的方法进行总结,分析可能造成测量误差的因素,指出有待改进之处,并对其市场适应性进行分析。
[Abstract]:In the process of exploitation and utilization of marine resources, the description of wave characteristic elements is the most basic and important. In this paper, the method of wave measurement in laboratory is studied and applied to wave flume with large scale. First of all, this paper has carried on the adaptability analysis to the existing wave measurement method which can be used in the laboratory, from its working principle, mainly from the application situation, the measuring range and the precision, the stability, the consumption resistance, Based on the analysis of maintenance and repair, the advantages and disadvantages are obtained, and a new wave measurement method based on optics is proposed. Secondly, the principle of optical wave measurement is introduced: the wave surface and the side wall of the flume are photographed from the edge of the flume, and the height of the wave surface is identified by obtaining the image and judging the change of the gray value near the wave surface. Based on this principle, camera selection, lens selection, equipment construction, scale marking and calibration, region of interest extraction, image grayscale processing, image smoothing filtering, background differential method are used to recognize the height of wave surface. The result of image processing is transformed into the characteristic element of wave by the method of upper span zero. Finally, using the same position resistive wave height sensor and the wave measurement results based on optics, it is concluded that the accuracy of the wave measurement method based on optics can reach 3mm (when the lens focal length is 8mm). The sampling frequency is 25 frame / s, which fully meets the sampling requirements of linear and nonlinear waves in the laboratory. Thirdly, the wave characteristics are analyzed by using the wave height results of optical measurement, which mainly include: wave shape analysis: the analysis of wave shape at two measurement points in time domain. The spatial form of the wave in the wave tank with large scale is obtained. The wave period and the variation of the wave elements in the high wave can be observed more intuitively, and the wave spatial patterns obtained from different measuring points can be compared with each other. It can be used to study the energy consumption of waves propagating in the flume direction. Analysis of wave group propagation process: by calculating wave group parameters and wave energy process lines, the variation of wave group parameters and wave energy in the process of wave group propagation is obtained, which will become an important reference factor in ocean engineering construction. Analysis of the separation of two waves by two points method: the reflection coefficient is derived from the results of the two wave measurements, which is the basic research of the hydrodynamics of the ocean and the coast. The main reference data in the study of the interaction between waves and coastal protective buildings. Finally, the method of optical wave measurement is summarized, the factors that may cause the measurement error are analyzed, and the points for improvement are pointed out, and the market adaptability is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P714.1;TP391.41
本文编号：2337771
[Abstract]:In the process of exploitation and utilization of marine resources, the description of wave characteristic elements is the most basic and important. In this paper, the method of wave measurement in laboratory is studied and applied to wave flume with large scale. First of all, this paper has carried on the adaptability analysis to the existing wave measurement method which can be used in the laboratory, from its working principle, mainly from the application situation, the measuring range and the precision, the stability, the consumption resistance, Based on the analysis of maintenance and repair, the advantages and disadvantages are obtained, and a new wave measurement method based on optics is proposed. Secondly, the principle of optical wave measurement is introduced: the wave surface and the side wall of the flume are photographed from the edge of the flume, and the height of the wave surface is identified by obtaining the image and judging the change of the gray value near the wave surface. Based on this principle, camera selection, lens selection, equipment construction, scale marking and calibration, region of interest extraction, image grayscale processing, image smoothing filtering, background differential method are used to recognize the height of wave surface. The result of image processing is transformed into the characteristic element of wave by the method of upper span zero. Finally, using the same position resistive wave height sensor and the wave measurement results based on optics, it is concluded that the accuracy of the wave measurement method based on optics can reach 3mm (when the lens focal length is 8mm). The sampling frequency is 25 frame / s, which fully meets the sampling requirements of linear and nonlinear waves in the laboratory. Thirdly, the wave characteristics are analyzed by using the wave height results of optical measurement, which mainly include: wave shape analysis: the analysis of wave shape at two measurement points in time domain. The spatial form of the wave in the wave tank with large scale is obtained. The wave period and the variation of the wave elements in the high wave can be observed more intuitively, and the wave spatial patterns obtained from different measuring points can be compared with each other. It can be used to study the energy consumption of waves propagating in the flume direction. Analysis of wave group propagation process: by calculating wave group parameters and wave energy process lines, the variation of wave group parameters and wave energy in the process of wave group propagation is obtained, which will become an important reference factor in ocean engineering construction. Analysis of the separation of two waves by two points method: the reflection coefficient is derived from the results of the two wave measurements, which is the basic research of the hydrodynamics of the ocean and the coast. The main reference data in the study of the interaction between waves and coastal protective buildings. Finally, the method of optical wave measurement is summarized, the factors that may cause the measurement error are analyzed, and the points for improvement are pointed out, and the market adaptability is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P714.1;TP391.41
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