海底边界层原位微剖面监测系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-11-28 21:03

【摘要】：海洋资源、海洋能源的开发与利用，海洋与全球环境、气候变化，海洋环境与地球生态的研究是人类得以维持自身的生存与发展，拓展生存空间，充分利用地球这唯一的资源丰富的宝地最为切实可行的途径。而对海洋进行开发，需要获取范围广、精确可靠的海洋环境数据，并且需要进行海底勘探、水下施工等任务。这样就需要一系列的海洋开发技术来支持，包括海洋遥感、深海探测、海洋导航等。近年来，海底边界层原位监测技术得到了国家的高度重视和飞速发展。海底边界层是物理、化学等相互作用十分复杂的区域，环境数据包括PH值，溶解氧，温度，电导率，流速，二氧化碳、甲烷含量与压力等。海底原位监测技术是一种集各种海洋设备与机电技术为一体，可对海底边界层多项物理、化学参数的变化进行定点、连续监测的水下观测技术。而在海底进行微剖面数据采集，可以得到更准确、详细的海底边界层数据。研究发展深海海底边界层原位监测技术，对于促进深海科学研究与海底资源探测开发技术的创新与进步等具有极为重要的意义。系统以爱特梅尔公司AT91SAM9263为控制核心，MSP430单片机为电源控制模块核心，基于Linux2.6软件平台，采用双ARM冗余控制与数据存储设计，集成了深海传感器、步进电机等设备。系统通过步进电机控制传感器框架在3个不同高度工作，从而实现了实时、自动化、稳定的微剖面数据采集与控制管理功能。论文首先介绍了深海海底边界层监测技术的国内外发展状况，说明我国发展海底监测技术的重要性和迫切性，并提出了海底原位监测系统的基本设计框架。其次，详细论述了海底原位监测系统软硬件部分的具体组成。硬件部分介绍了嵌入式数据采集系统硬件电路的组成，电源控制系统电路的组成，深海传感器的各种性能参数及操作方法与命令，并给出了关键电路的原理图和实物图。软件部分介绍了嵌入式Linux软件平台的搭建，，包括开机引导程序U-boot的移植，内核Linux2.6.30的编译与移植。然后详细介绍了微剖面数据采集系统应用程序关键部分的编写，应用程序使用嵌入式C语言编写，并且采用了多线程编程来提高程序的运行效率。程序主要分3个线程。主线程主要负责整个系统的控制，包括主从两块ARM板之间的通信，通过给单片机发送指令来控制系统中各设备的电源，以及监视系统的运行状态等；数据采集线程主要负责控制各深海传感器进行数据采集，将传感器发送来的数据接受并存储至ARM板上的SD卡中；数据上传线程主要负责系统回收后与PC机间进行通信，并将采集的数据上传。然后给出了海底边界层原位微剖面监测系统的实物图、实验调试图。最后对论文的工作进行了总结与展望。
[Abstract]:The development and utilization of marine resources, marine energy, ocean and global environment, climate change, marine environment and earth ecology are the key to human being's survival and development, and to expand the living space. The most feasible way to make the most of the earth's only rich treasure. The exploitation of the ocean requires a wide range of accurate and reliable data of the marine environment, as well as seabed exploration, underwater construction and other tasks. This will require a range of ocean development technologies, including ocean remote sensing, deep-sea exploration, ocean navigation and so on. In recent years, seabed boundary layer in situ monitoring technology has been attached great importance and rapid development. The seabed boundary layer is a complex region with physical and chemical interactions. The environmental data include PH value, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, flow rate, carbon dioxide, methane content and pressure. Submarine in-situ monitoring technology is a kind of underwater observation technology which integrates various marine equipment and electromechanical technology and can be used to continuously monitor the variation of many physical and chemical parameters in the seabed boundary layer. However, more accurate and detailed seabed boundary layer data can be obtained by collecting the microsection data on the seabed. The research and development of in situ monitoring technology of deep seabed boundary layer is of great significance for promoting the innovation and progress of deep sea scientific research and exploration and development of seabed resources. The system takes Atmel Company AT91SAM9263 as the control core, MSP430 single chip microcomputer as the power control module core, based on the Linux2.6 software platform, adopts double ARM redundant control and data storage design, integrates the deep-sea sensor, step motor and other equipment. The system works at three different heights through the stepper motor control sensor frame, thus realizing real-time, automatic and stable micro-profile data acquisition and control management functions. This paper first introduces the development of deep seabed boundary layer monitoring technology at home and abroad, explains the importance and urgency of developing seabed monitoring technology in China, and puts forward the basic design framework of seabed in situ monitoring system. Secondly, the hardware and software components of the submarine in situ monitoring system are discussed in detail. The hardware part introduces the composition of the hardware circuit of the embedded data acquisition system, the composition of the power supply control system circuit, the various performance parameters and operation methods and commands of the deep-sea sensor, and gives the schematic diagram and the physical diagram of the key circuit. The software part introduces the construction of embedded Linux software platform, including boot program U-boot transplantation, kernel Linux2.6.30 compilation and migration. Then the key part of the application program of the microprofile data acquisition system is introduced in detail. The application program is written in embedded C language and multithread programming is adopted to improve the running efficiency of the program. The program is mainly divided into 3 threads. The main thread is mainly responsible for the control of the whole system, including the communication between the master and slave ARM boards, the control of the power supply of the equipment and the monitoring of the running state of the system by sending instructions to the single chip microcomputer. The data acquisition thread is mainly responsible for controlling the deep-sea sensors for data acquisition, receiving and storing the data sent by the sensor into the SD card on the ARM board. The data upload thread is mainly responsible for the communication between the system and PC, and uploads the collected data. Then, the physical diagram of the monitoring system of the seabed boundary layer in situ microsection is given, and the experimental debugging diagram is given. Finally, the work of the paper is summarized and prospected.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P715.5

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