海洋环境危机管理中的政府能力建设研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 13:20

【摘要】：海洋产业目前正处于蓬勃发展时期，各国对海洋资源的开发和利用给予了高度的重视。尤其是进入20世纪90年代以后，随着人类社会的发展和科学技术的进步，一方面，陆地资源的短缺和供求矛盾激化使得各国将眼光投入到海洋领域，另一方面，地理勘探以及通信等技术的发展为人类进一步开发海洋资源提供了便利的手段和方式。万物皆是矛盾的统一体，海洋也不例外，在为人类提供丰富的资源的同时，也加剧了海洋环境危机的爆发，这是海洋对人类无声的报复。在全球范围内，海洋经济都引起了足够的重视，相比较而言，对海洋环境危机的认识和管理显得滞后和欠缺。从“渔盐之利、舟楫之便”，到今天使用先进的技术装备进行海底勘测，人类利用海洋的历史远比治理海洋的历史长久的多。现代社会，人们逐渐认识到进行海洋危机管理，实现海洋环境可持续发展的重要性，海洋环境危机管理也应该得到进一步的发展和重视。海洋环境危机作为海洋公共危机的一个具体领域，从产生原因主要可以分为两类。它既具有一般性危机的特点，又具有其自身特殊性。发生频率高，持续时间长，治理难度大，人为因素增多。海洋环境危机自身的复杂性和多样性使政府成为治理危机的主导者。而且海洋环境具有公共资源的属性，，为了防止负外部性，政府应该承担起管理的责任。从政府能力建设的角度，探讨政府如何加强海洋环境危机管理能力具有重要的理论和实践意义。海洋环境危机管理对政府能力提出更高要求，需要更高的社会控制能力，国际合作能力，资源调配和整合能力，公共决策能力。面对政府危机管理能力不足的现状，需要全方位、多角度建设和提升政府海洋环境危机治理能力：提高法律和制度的供给能力，政府危机信息处理能力，海洋人才培养能力，协调合作能力和学习能力。
[Abstract]:At present, marine industry is in a period of vigorous development, and many countries attach great importance to the exploitation and utilization of marine resources. Especially after the 1990s, with the development of human society and the progress of science and technology, on the one hand, the shortage of land resources and the intensification of contradiction between supply and demand make countries put their eyes into the field of the sea, on the other hand, The development of geographic exploration and communication technology provides convenient means and methods for the further development of marine resources. All things are contradictory unity, and the sea is no exception. It not only provides abundant resources for human beings, but also intensifies the outbreak of marine environmental crisis, which is the silent revenge of the sea on human beings. In the global scope, the marine economy has attracted sufficient attention, compared with the understanding and management of the marine environmental crisis is lagging behind and lacking. From "the profit of fishing and salt," to the use of advanced technology and equipment for seafloor survey today, the history of mankind's use of the sea is much longer than that of harnessing the sea. In modern society, people gradually realize the importance of ocean crisis management to realize the sustainable development of marine environment, and marine environmental crisis management should be further developed and paid more attention to. As a specific field of marine public crisis, marine environmental crisis can be divided into two categories. It has not only the characteristics of general crisis, but also its own particularity. The occurrence frequency is high, the duration is long, the management difficulty is big, the human factor increases. The complexity and diversity of the marine environmental crisis make the government become the dominant governance crisis. And the marine environment has the attribute of public resources, in order to prevent the externalities, the government should assume the responsibility of management. From the point of view of government capacity building, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss how to strengthen the capacity of the government to manage the marine environmental crisis. Marine environmental crisis management requires higher government capacity, higher capacity for social control, international cooperation, resource allocation and integration, and public decision-making capacity. Facing the current situation that the government's crisis management ability is insufficient, it is necessary to build and enhance the government's marine environmental crisis management ability from all directions and from many angles: to improve the supply ability of law and system, the government's crisis information processing ability, and the training ability of marine talents. Coordinate the ability of cooperation and learning.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55;D630

【相似文献】