基于定量遥感粒度反演的莱州湾西—南岸潮滩表层沉积演变
发布时间：2018-12-20 13:04
【摘要】：黄河三角洲作为全球著名的陆相淤积性弱潮三角洲，最近数十年来黄河三角洲地区的河口、潮滩及地貌变迁非常频繁，而且随着黄河三角洲高效生态经济区被列入我国国家战略规划区，，其城市规划、产业结构与布局、环境保护和资源利用，对未来潮滩沉积演变及海岸地貌冲淤趋势预测的要求变得更高。鉴于前人对黄河口沉积动力过程、黄河入海悬沙扩散、废弃河口—亚三角洲及若干重要岸段的动力、地貌演变已有较多研究。为揭示最近40年尺度上莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积演变与黄河河口河道变迁、河流入海输沙数量变化及海岸沉积动力过程的相互关系，将莱州湾西-南海岸作为一个统一的地貌体，基于定量遥感粒度参数的反演，研究其在数十年尺度上的潮滩表层沉积演变机制与演变趋势。 通过对采集到的238组莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积物反射率光谱与沉积物样品以及选取的1973年到2015年之间的12幅Landsat系列遥感影像进行一系列的预处理、测试分析，选取沉积物样品测试结果中的粘土含量、粉砂含量、砂含量和平均粒径作为粒度参数，构建其与反射率光谱之间的BP神经网络模型和支持向量机模型。通过对各模型预测值与实测值之间的相关系数和均方根误差进行比较分析，最终选取支持向量机模型作为本次研究的最优模型。基于选取的最优模型，使用前期经过一系列预处理的遥感影像对莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积物粒度参数进行反演。结合反演的最终结果，对最近40年来莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积演变影响因素，演变机制和演变趋势进行分析。 通过对1973年到2015年莱州湾西-南潮滩表层沉积反演结果分析表明： 较其他潮滩表层沉积演变不同，最近40年来莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层受到黄河河道变迁、黄河口迁移、入海泥沙变化、海洋动力条件和人类活动等一系列因素共同影响和制约，潮滩表层演变沉积演变剧烈。 1973年到1978年，莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积物粘土含量平均值、粉砂含量平均值和平均粒径平均值呈增加趋势，砂含量呈减小趋势；1978年到2015年潮滩表层沉积物粘土含量平均值、粉砂含量平均值和平均粒径平均值呈减小趋势，砂含量呈增加趋势。 大体以小清河为界，莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积演变存在明显不同。莱州湾西岸潮滩表层沉积演变受黄河河道变迁、河口迁移、入海泥沙变化和海洋动力条件的综合影响，演变过程极为复杂；莱州湾南岸潮滩表层沉积演变主要受到沿岸河流输沙、近岸泥沙在海洋动力（潮流，波浪等）条件下发生的再悬浮、输运搬运等一系列作用，演变过程趋于平稳。 1973年到2015年莱州湾西-南岸潮滩表层沉积演变是在黄河入海泥沙总体减小的背景下发生，受到河口地貌变迁、海岸沉积动力系统以及人类活动的深刻影响。 结合对最终反演结果的分析验证，基于定量遥感粒度参数反演的莱州湾西-南潮滩表层沉积演变趋势基本上与莱州湾西-南岸海湾沉积动力系统、河口地貌变迁的变化趋势一致。这在一定程度上对解决历史沉积样品缺乏、不连续和不完整的问题，为潮滩表层沉积演变研究以及潮滩沉积、动力、地貌演变的动态监测提供了一种切实可行且简单便利的方法。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River Delta, as the world's famous continental sedimentation weak tide delta, has been in the Yellow River Delta area in recent decades, and the change of the tidal flat and the landscape is very frequent, and with the Yellow River Delta high-efficiency ecological economic zone being included in the national strategic planning area of our country, its urban planning, The requirements of industrial structure and layout, environmental protection and resource utilization have become more and more high for the development of the future tidal flat and the prediction of the erosion and silting trend of the coastal landforms. In view of the previous research on the process of sedimentary power of the Yellow River estuary, the distribution of the suspended sediment of the Yellow River into the sea, the power of the subdelta of the abandoned estuary and several important land sections, the evolution of the landforms has been studied. in ord to reveal that evolution of the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay in the last 40 years and the change of the river channel in the Yellow River, the change of the number of sediment transport in the sea and the relationship between the process of the coast deposition and the dynamic process, the west-south coast of the Laizhou Bay is taken as a unified geomorphic body. Based on the inversion of the quantitative remote sensing particle size parameter, the evolution mechanism and the evolution trend of the surface sediments of the tidal flat on the scale of several decades have been studied. Through a series of pretreatment, test and analysis of 12 Landsat series remote sensing images between the surface sediment and sediment samples and the selected from 1973 to 2015, the clay contained in the test results of the sediment samples was selected by a series of pretreatment and test. The BP neural network model and the support vector machine model of the BP neural network model and the support vector machine are constructed based on the particle size parameters, the content of the silt, the sand content and the average particle size. Based on the comparison and analysis of the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error between the prediction value and the measured value of each model, the support vector machine model is selected as the optimal model for this study. Based on the selected optimal model, a series of pre-processed remote sensing images were used to reverse the particle size parameters of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay. The influence factors, the evolution mechanism and the evolution trend of the surface deposition evolution of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay in the last 40 years are compared with the final result of the inversion. Analysis on the inversion results of surface sediments in the West-South tidal flat of the Laizhou Bay from 1973 to 2015 In recent 40 years, the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay is affected by the change of the Yellow River and the migration of the yellow river mouth. The changes of the sea and sediment, the conditions of the ocean power and the human activities have a common influence and restriction, and the surface of the tidal flat is sinking. The product evolution is violent. From 1973 to 1978, the average value of the clay content, the average value of the silt content and the average particle size of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay are increasing, and the sand content is decreasing; from 1978 to 2015, the surface sediments of the tidal flat The average value of the clay content, the mean value of the silt content and the mean particle size mean value are reduced, and the sand The content is in an increasing trend. It is mainly in the Xiaoqing River as the boundary, and the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay is sunk. The evolution of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the West Bank of the Laizhou Bay is affected by the change of the Yellow River, the migration of the mouth, the change of the sediment in the sea and the dynamic conditions of the ocean, and the evolution process is very complicated, and the surface of the surface of the tidal flat on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay has evolved. To be subject to a series of functions, such as re-suspension, transport and transportation, which occur under the conditions of marine power (tidal current, wave, etc.) under the condition of marine power (tidal current, wave, etc.) The evolution of the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay from 1973 to 2015 is taken place in the background of the overall reduction of the sediment in the Yellow River. Based on the analysis and verification of the result of the final inversion, the evolution trend of the surface layer deposition of the west-south tidal flat of the Laizhou Bay based on the quantitative remote sensing particle size parameter is basically the same as that of the western-south bank of the Laizhou Bay. The change trend of the estuarine and geomorphic changes is consistent. This is to a certain extent the problem of the lack, continuity and incompleteness of the historical sedimentary samples, and provides a dynamic monitoring for the formation and evolution of the surface of the tidal flat and the dynamic monitoring of the evolution of the tidal flat, the power and the landforms.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P737.1
本文编号：2388036
[Abstract]:The Yellow River Delta, as the world's famous continental sedimentation weak tide delta, has been in the Yellow River Delta area in recent decades, and the change of the tidal flat and the landscape is very frequent, and with the Yellow River Delta high-efficiency ecological economic zone being included in the national strategic planning area of our country, its urban planning, The requirements of industrial structure and layout, environmental protection and resource utilization have become more and more high for the development of the future tidal flat and the prediction of the erosion and silting trend of the coastal landforms. In view of the previous research on the process of sedimentary power of the Yellow River estuary, the distribution of the suspended sediment of the Yellow River into the sea, the power of the subdelta of the abandoned estuary and several important land sections, the evolution of the landforms has been studied. in ord to reveal that evolution of the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay in the last 40 years and the change of the river channel in the Yellow River, the change of the number of sediment transport in the sea and the relationship between the process of the coast deposition and the dynamic process, the west-south coast of the Laizhou Bay is taken as a unified geomorphic body. Based on the inversion of the quantitative remote sensing particle size parameter, the evolution mechanism and the evolution trend of the surface sediments of the tidal flat on the scale of several decades have been studied. Through a series of pretreatment, test and analysis of 12 Landsat series remote sensing images between the surface sediment and sediment samples and the selected from 1973 to 2015, the clay contained in the test results of the sediment samples was selected by a series of pretreatment and test. The BP neural network model and the support vector machine model of the BP neural network model and the support vector machine are constructed based on the particle size parameters, the content of the silt, the sand content and the average particle size. Based on the comparison and analysis of the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error between the prediction value and the measured value of each model, the support vector machine model is selected as the optimal model for this study. Based on the selected optimal model, a series of pre-processed remote sensing images were used to reverse the particle size parameters of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay. The influence factors, the evolution mechanism and the evolution trend of the surface deposition evolution of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay in the last 40 years are compared with the final result of the inversion. Analysis on the inversion results of surface sediments in the West-South tidal flat of the Laizhou Bay from 1973 to 2015 In recent 40 years, the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay is affected by the change of the Yellow River and the migration of the yellow river mouth. The changes of the sea and sediment, the conditions of the ocean power and the human activities have a common influence and restriction, and the surface of the tidal flat is sinking. The product evolution is violent. From 1973 to 1978, the average value of the clay content, the average value of the silt content and the average particle size of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay are increasing, and the sand content is decreasing; from 1978 to 2015, the surface sediments of the tidal flat The average value of the clay content, the mean value of the silt content and the mean particle size mean value are reduced, and the sand The content is in an increasing trend. It is mainly in the Xiaoqing River as the boundary, and the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay is sunk. The evolution of the surface sediments of the tidal flat in the West Bank of the Laizhou Bay is affected by the change of the Yellow River, the migration of the mouth, the change of the sediment in the sea and the dynamic conditions of the ocean, and the evolution process is very complicated, and the surface of the surface of the tidal flat on the south bank of the Laizhou Bay has evolved. To be subject to a series of functions, such as re-suspension, transport and transportation, which occur under the conditions of marine power (tidal current, wave, etc.) under the condition of marine power (tidal current, wave, etc.) The evolution of the surface of the tidal flat in the west-south bank of the Laizhou Bay from 1973 to 2015 is taken place in the background of the overall reduction of the sediment in the Yellow River. Based on the analysis and verification of the result of the final inversion, the evolution trend of the surface layer deposition of the west-south tidal flat of the Laizhou Bay based on the quantitative remote sensing particle size parameter is basically the same as that of the western-south bank of the Laizhou Bay. The change trend of the estuarine and geomorphic changes is consistent. This is to a certain extent the problem of the lack, continuity and incompleteness of the historical sedimentary samples, and provides a dynamic monitoring for the formation and evolution of the surface of the tidal flat and the dynamic monitoring of the evolution of the tidal flat, the power and the landforms.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P737.1
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