高效太阳能海水淡化控制系统

发布时间：2018-12-20 17:50

【摘要】：水是生命之源，是人类生存所必须的基本物质。随着全球经济的发展，人口的增加，世界范围内面临越来越严重的淡水危机。为了解决淡水短缺问题，人类采取“开源节流”的方法，一方面节约用水，另一方面大力推进海水淡化。同时，人类社会面临着能源短缺，环境恶化的严重威胁，采用新能源进行海水淡化，尤其是利用太阳能进行海水淡化迫在眉睫。响应国家号召，浙江省提出大力发展海洋经济的规划，太阳能海水淡化是其中的重要一环。为了解决舟山等地沿海岛屿的缺水问题，本文设计一种高效太阳能海水淡化装置，采用太阳能聚光集热、板式换热、低温多效海水蒸馏相结合，并在该装置上添加控制系统，控制工作过程中工质的流动，实现对太阳能海水淡化过程热量的控制，提高装置的热利用率和海水淡化效率。首先，设计了一种高效太阳能海水淡化装置，采用太阳能槽式集热，二级板式换热，低温多效海水蒸馏器相结合，加上储热油罐和储热水罐等储能装置，实现太阳能收集、存储和利用，设计并定制小型低温多效蒸馏器来进行海水淡化。并为该项目在杭州的实施建设做了前期规划。其次，在该太阳能海水淡化装置的平台上，添加整套控制系统，控制装置运行过程中工质的流动。在装置上布置温度、流量等仪表，检测工质的状态，并通过控制器改变工质的流速，实现对工作过程中热量循环的控制。采取分层控制的策略，底层太阳能集热，换热，海水淡化三个过程独立控制，上层控制器实现对三个底层控制的优化调度。最后，对于底层三个控制系统，，依据其控制要求完成底层控制器设计，并分析采用PID控制和预测控制时的控制效果，并给出了仿真结果。对上层控制器，分析高效太阳能海水淡化装置工作的状态，并给出了控制策略。从控制的角度来分析太阳能海水淡化的过程，实现整个系统的自动化运行，提升装置的热利用率和海水淡化效率，改变了以往单纯从热工视角研究太阳能海水淡化技术的局面，为今后太阳能海水淡化技术发展提供了一个新的思路。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of life and the basic substance necessary for human survival. With the development of global economy and the increase of population, the world is facing more and more serious freshwater crisis. In order to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water, human beings adopt the method of "increasing income and reducing expenditure", on the one hand, saving water, on the other hand, promoting seawater desalination. At the same time, human society is faced with the serious threat of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. It is urgent to use new energy to desalinate seawater, especially to use solar energy to desalinate seawater. In response to the national call, Zhejiang Province proposed to vigorously develop the marine economy, solar desalination is an important part of it. In order to solve the problem of water shortage in coastal islands such as Zhoushan, this paper designs an efficient solar desalination device, which combines solar energy gathering, plate heat transfer, low temperature and multi-effect seawater distillation, and adds a control system to the device. The flow of working fluid is controlled in the process of solar desalination, and the heat of solar desalination process is controlled. The thermal utilization ratio and desalination efficiency of the device are improved. First of all, a high-efficiency solar desalination device is designed. Solar energy collection is realized by solar trough type, two-stage plate heat exchange, low temperature multi-effect seawater distiller, and energy storage equipment, such as heat storage oil tank and heat storage water tank. Storage and utilization, design and customization of a small low-temperature multi-effect distiller for desalination. And for the implementation of the project in Hangzhou to do a preliminary plan. Secondly, the whole control system is added to the platform of the solar desalination device to control the flow of the working fluid during the operation of the device. The temperature, flow rate and other instruments are arranged on the device to detect the state of the working fluid, and the flow rate of the working fluid is changed by the controller to realize the control of the heat circulation in the working process. The strategy of layered control is adopted. The three processes of solar energy collection, heat transfer and desalination are controlled independently. The upper controller realizes the optimal scheduling of the three bottom control systems. Finally, the bottom controller is designed according to the control requirements of the three control systems, and the control effect of PID control and predictive control is analyzed, and the simulation results are given. The working state of the high efficiency solar desalination unit is analyzed for the upper controller, and the control strategy is given. The process of solar desalination is analyzed from the point of view of control, the automatic operation of the whole system is realized, the thermal utilization ratio of the device and the desalination efficiency of seawater are improved, which changes the situation of studying the solar desalination technology from the view of thermal engineering. It provides a new idea for the future development of solar desalination technology.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P747;TP273

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