航空激光高程测量在黄河三角洲北部潮滩监测中的应用

发布时间：2019-01-27 23:24

【摘要】：调查潮滩的演化对海岸保护和开发非常重要。随着人为活动的增强,即使过去认为稳定的潮滩也在发生着显著变化。利用航空激光测高(LIDAR)数据和实测剖面数据对黄河三角洲北部潮滩的地形特征和变化进行了分析。这段海岸的西段海岸平直,潮滩坡降小于1/1000,不发育潮沟,潮间有人工开挖的沟道。海岸的东段为老黄河刁口流路岸段。老黄河口岸段突出海岸,同时在两侧形成2个小海湾。LIDAR数据揭示了本段潮滩的三维地形和剖面特征。老黄河口突出岸段西北侧潮滩剖面为平直斜坡,坡度1/1000。而其东侧小海湾湾底的剖面呈上凸的形态,该特征与平面的地形分布、潮间茂密的盐地碱蓬一起,指示淤积。再向东在大堤围成的岬湾内,潮滩受波浪作用形成潮间坝。因此,黄河三角洲北部潮滩受局部地形影响大,局部岸段呈侵蚀状态或淤积状态。LIDAR数据还揭示了潮沟的特征。顺着潮沟的走向,沟底的坡度比潮间带的坡度小,近乎水平,说明涨潮时为何潮沟水位会迅速上升。
[Abstract]:It is very important to investigate the evolution of tidal flat for coastal protection and development. As anthropogenic activity intensifies, even tidal flats that used to be considered stable are changing significantly. The topographic characteristics and changes of tidal flat in the northern Yellow River Delta are analyzed by using the (LIDAR) data of airborne laser altimetry and the measured profile data. The west part of the coast is flat, with a tidal slope less than 1 / 1, 000, no trench, and a manually excavated channel between the tides. The eastern part of the coast is the shore section of the old Yellow River Diaokou Stream Road. The old Yellow River port section protrudes the coast and forms two small bays on both sides. The LIDAR data reveal the 3D topography and profile characteristics of the tidal flat in this section. The tidal flat section in the northwestern side of the protruding section of the Old Yellow River Estuary is a straight slope with a slope of 1 / 1000. The profile at the bottom of Xiaohai Bay on the east side of the bay is convex, which, along with the topographic distribution of the plane and the dense salsa between the tides, indicates deposition. Then eastward in the promontory formed by the Great Embankment, the tidal flat formed an intertidal dam by wave action. Therefore, the tidal flat in the northern part of the Yellow River Delta is greatly affected by the local topography, and the local coastal segment is in the state of erosion or siltation. The LIDAR data also reveal the characteristics of the tidal trench. Along the trench, the slope at the bottom of the trench is smaller than that in the intertidal zone, which indicates why the water level of the trench rises rapidly when the tide rises.
【作者单位】：国土资源部海洋油气资源和环境地质重点实验室;中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所;中国地质调查局滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室;中国冶金地质总局山东局正元航空遥感技术有限公司;
【基金】：中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212011120172、GZH201200505、121201005000150004、2014FY210600、2016YFC0402800)
【分类号】：P714

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